JP 3-50 National Search and Rescue Manual Vol I - US Navy

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or less. The first period should begin at the time of datum and move backward for eight 6-hour periods. b. The contribution that winds from each subperiod make should be determined and then added. The column in Figure 5-6A or 5-6B with the latitude closest to the position where local wind current is calculated (do not interpolate) is selected. c. For each time period in Figure 5-6A, the lower number shows the relationship between wind speed and current speed, and the upper number shows the relationship between wind direction and current direction. The current speed of each period is found by multiplying wind speed by the lower number. The current direction for each period is determined by adding the upper number to the direction from which the wind blew. These contributions from each time period are added vectorially to obtain local wind current at the desired place and time. D. Tidal Current (TC) is found in coastal waters, and changes direction and velocity as the tide changes. The effect of the tide on currents in any area may be found by consulting current tables and charts, or by seeking local knowledge. Calculating wind and sea currents close to land masses is normally not possible. Therefore, drift computations depend on tidal current and leeway. 1. With reversing currents that abruptly change direction approximately 180 degrees, the effect in one direction is normally greater than in the other, causing a net drift in one direction. 2. With rotary tidal currents, an object will move in a generally elliptical direction. 3. The cumulative effect of tidal current and leeway may move the target into the influence of different tidal conditions or to where sea current takes effect. Consideration may shift from tidal to sea current in the later stages of a SAR case. Intermediate datums should be computed for small periods of time to account for different influences. 4. Nearby land masses may also affect tidal current. Inlets will channel and release a current, often in a different direction at the inlet mouth. When an object drifts near the mouth of a bay or inlet, manuals can be used to see whether tidal current data has changed. E. Other water currents affecting search objects are usually difficult to calculate. 1. Lake Current (LC) information usually comes from local knowledge, charts, tables, or computer models. A current in a
large lake can vary with season, weather, or time of day. 2. River Current (RC) information can usually be obtained from published data, local knowledge, or direct observation. Current data is published for most large rivers. The National Ocean Survey and the Army Corps of Engineers are the primary sources of information or river currents. In areas where a river discharges into the ocean, tidal current can affect river current upstream, and river current can affect tidal and sea currents. If offshore current is present, the SMC should not expect the river discharge to fan out symmetrically, but should expect displacement in the direction of the offshore current, as shown in Figure 5-7. Local colleges or universities may be a source of specific knowledge regarding this interface. Figure 5-7. River Currents 5-10
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JOINT PUB 3-50 NATIONAL SEARCH AND
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e. Update of information and graph
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PREFACE Volume I: National Search a
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. Joint Pub 3-50.1/COMDTINST M16120
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ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS A Search Are
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COSPAS Cosmicheskaya Sistyema Poisk
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FIS Flight Information Service FIXe
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MAC Military Airlift Command MARAD
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PMC Parallel Multiunit Circle PMN P
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TFR Temporary Flight Restriction TL
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CHAPTER 1. SAR SYSTEM AND ORGANIZAT
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consolidates the information needed
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} Figure 1-2. United States Search
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Commander, 9th Coast Guard District
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131 The SAR Coordinator SC | SMC |
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1. The shore station nearest the re
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(3) Determine the mission-ready sta
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. A Wreckage Locator File with all
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directories, SMC planning and docum
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on scene conditions advising the SM
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lifeboats or liferafts, oil slicks,
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CHAPTER 2. SAR ORGANIZATIONS, AGENC
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Ship SAR Manual (MERSAR) contains p
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messages addressed to CIRM Roma. 2.
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for SAR. 1. National Oceanic and At
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snowmobiles, scuba teams, and track
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surface SRUs can arrive. a. SAR hel
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3. Maneuverability is necessary for
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has an ailing seaman, and can rescu
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manning and configuration. Larger v
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physical training, skill in communi
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special qualifications desirable in
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Overseas Region the Alaskan CAP Win
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platform. Also of use for SAR are c
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3130.16 series. The SMC should de-a
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continental U.S. and at offshore lo
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the potential for recording data wi
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other craft or radio stations: 1. A
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EPIRBs. 9. 27.065 kHz (Citizens Ban
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vessels) will be required to carry
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Page 83 and 84: 9. SART. 10. MF DSC, used to initia
Page 85 and 86: 4. FAA Domestic Teletype Networks,
Page 87 and 88: 3023 kHz (USB), 123.1 MHz, and 282.
Page 89 and 90: 3. 2638 kHz, all areas. 4. 2738 kHz
Page 91 and 92: SRUs and agencies. A search action
Page 93 and 94: 2. Rescue Area f. SRUs on scene a.
Page 95 and 96: extended time, a Notice to Mariners
Page 97 and 98: The receiving and recording of info
Page 99 and 100: case. The SMC is often automaticall
Page 101 and 102: any source. b. There is suspicion t
Page 103 and 104: The craft's float or flight plan is
Page 105 and 106: Figure 4-1. Water Chill Without Ant
Page 107 and 108: s Figure 4-2. Wind Chill Graph - Eq
Page 109 and 110: 445 Weather A. Weather may limit SA
Page 111 and 112: 451 Uncertainty Phase An Emergency
Page 113 and 114: 471 PRECOM A. PRECOM search contact
Page 115 and 116: the objective during their normal o
Page 117 and 118: effective search plan. The plan may
Page 119 and 120: D. Other SAR planning models, such
Page 121 and 122: 1. The aircraft glide area shown in
Page 123 and 124: Figure 5-3. Vector Plots of Surface
Page 125 and 126: TABLE 5-1. Parachute Drift Distance
Page 127 and 128: the search object has, the greater
Page 129 and 130: B. Sea Current (SC) is the residual
Page 131: Figure 5-6A. Wind Current - North L
Page 135 and 136: 5. Other on scene observations can
Page 137 and 138: 520 SEARCH AREA Figure 5-8. Minimax
Page 139 and 140: Figure 5-9. Drift Error by Minimax
Page 141 and 142: DRe to determine SRU error (Y = Fix
Page 143 and 144: Figure 5-11. Search Areas - Moving
Page 145 and 146: E. When only a datum area exists, s
Page 147 and 148: SRUs are dispatched next. Supplemen
Page 149 and 150: B. POD can be increased by decreasi
Page 151 and 152: C. Visual sweep widths are determin
Page 153 and 154: TABLE 5-6. Visual Sweep Width Estim
Page 155 and 156: 9. Fatigue. Degradation of detectio
Page 157 and 158: Table 5-8. Height of Eye vs. Horizo
Page 159 and 160: 6. Sweep widths for Side-Looking Ai
Page 161 and 162: TABLE 5-11a. Sweep Widths for Forwa
Page 163 and 164: Sweep widths should be approximated
Page 165 and 166: TABLE 5-14. Environmental Limitatio
Page 167 and 168: Figure 5-19. Maritime Probability o
Page 169 and 170: again, unless it is determined furt
Page 171 and 172: c. This track spacing may exceed th
Page 173 and 174: a. E-7 corners 23 15N 74 35W to 23
Page 175 and 176: E. Orienting Search Areas Search pa
Page 177 and 178: Figure 5-21. Typical Assignments fo
Page 179 and 180: The major pattern characteristic is
Page 181 and 182: Figure 5-26. Figure 5-27. 3. Parall
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Figure 5-31. Figure 5-32. D. Creepi
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area, they must fly their individua
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for large objects in well-defined s
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I. Homing Patterns (H) are used to
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completed, the initial area, not th
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Pattern Name SRU required Remarks T
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560 PLANNING OF ON SCENE COORDINATI
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NOTAM for non-SAR aircraft to remai
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described as previously discussed,
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procedures for aircraft SRUs should
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1. Where sea current, tidal current
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eturn to base. E. Continuous attent
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to minimize clutter. While this is
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642 Aircraft Search A. Overwater Se
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one leg to the next without the nee
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everses course. The course on which
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645 Scanning Figure 6-5. Search for
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Figure 6-6. Marine SRU Crossleg Fig
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a. The effects of time on task vary
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Figure 6-9. Range Estimation 6-12
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5. Scanners forced to look into the
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645 Search Target This effect can b
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Figure 6-12. Effects of Altitude on
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Figure 6-16. Factors in Radar Detec
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C. Multisensor search is either mul
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Figure 6-18. INS Pattern for Reloca
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1. Initial sighting--Drop smoke and
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altitude to make the sighting repor
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lue and white checkered flag), or s
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Rescue planning involves dispatchin
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pararescue teams can place medicall
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Speed and ability to sustain surviv
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1. Sustaining life. Immediately upo
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other factors affecting rescue. 742
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Figure 7-2. Helicopter Racetrack Es
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2. Rations packs - concentrated or
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753 Rescue by Ship diverting or dis
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than 6 feet (2 meters) apart, inter
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800 General 810 Aircraft Searches 8
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TABLE 8-1. Inland Probability of De
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strength of the wind and steepness
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the area of greatest turbulence, an
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823 Air/Ground Coordination An SMC,
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2. A team leader is responsible for
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Figure 8-4. PM Search Pattern for L
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the track spacing would be 100 feet
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1. Scale 1:24,000 is the best for l
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Figure 8-6. Ground Search Area Plot
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unlaundered carefully preserved sce
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5. As indicated previously, it is i
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debriefing, transport to a delivery
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complete mental collapse due to the
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medical training, qualifications, a
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1000 General 1010 Mission Suspensio
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accept that the search cannot conti
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used for statistical analysis, syst
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Each RCC maintains a chronological
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aircraft that they are near the sce
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(day or night), date, search area a
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1200 General 1210 Domestic Framewor
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G. 46 USC 2304 requires a master or
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differing requirements of each coun
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RCC, which will plan the search and
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commander and the Department of Sta
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1240 PRIVATE PROPERTY 1241 Entering
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CHAPTER 13. SAR MISSION PUBLIC RELA
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equests for information, and use ne
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1323 News and Photograph Pool A new
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GLOSSARY A-probability: Percentage
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Awareness Range: Distance at which
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3. Ratio of sweep width to track sp
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Recorded data is retained for 15 da
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Inadvertent Alarm Rate: Ratio of in
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Military Assistance to Safety and T
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Probability of Detection (POD): The
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Search Action Plan: Message, normal
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SRU Error (Y): Search craft error b
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composed of significant assigned co
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Hydrographic Office. H.O. Pub 100.
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Emergency Response Institute. Helic
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University of Hawaii. Studies on Hu
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List of Ship Stations. Geneva, Swit
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1. POLICY APPENDIX A. NATIONAL SEAR
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use of wire and radio facilities fo
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Area for the advantageous execution
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maintain liaison with and support e
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Figure A-1. United States Search an
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air SAR units, and provide guidance
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far as possible, afford adequate me
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which shall act in close and contin
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established by the Convention on In
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December 12, 1986 Agreement Concern
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outstretched to each side. j. Inver
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Black or white smoke bursts, 10 sec
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Figure C-2. Surface-Air Visual Sign
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Figure C-5. Panel Signals C-5
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to the 26-foot sailboat row to obta
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straightaway length (x) of the cros
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These patterns are variations of th
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c. In the CSR pattern, the actual c
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adjacent to it, are the following:
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d. If the shaded portions of Figure
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3. Relative motion pattern solution
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through the tail of the ship's vect
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Request the aircraft to report amou
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information, TACAN/DME ranging disp
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APPENDIX F. TEMPORARY FLIGHT RESTRI
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4. Normally, incidents in an aircra
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LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES Subject Mat
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JP 3-50 National Search and Rescue Manual Vol I - US Navy

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