JP 3-50 National Search and Rescue Manual Vol I - US Navy
JP 3-50 National Search and Rescue Manual Vol I - US Navy JP 3-50 National Search and Rescue Manual Vol I - US Navy
C. Computer-Aided Search Planning (CASP) is a computer program available at Coast Guard RCCs. It can be used in most search planning and is most useful in cases too complex for the manual method. Maritime cases with more than 24 hours of target drift and cases, inland or maritime, with two or more successive searches can benefit significantly from CASP. 1. Advantages offered by CASP are that the program: a. Accepts more available case data than is possible in a manual solution. The SMC can evaluate many possible scenarios with a range of incident times, positions, targets, situations, and environmental factors. The manual method averages data to estimate target location. b. Uses computer simulation to graphically depict the range of possible target locations, and areas most likely to contain the target. When more than one search is needed, CASP can use previous search results in estimating the probable target location for the next search. c. Calculates the Probability of Success (POS), a measure of search effectiveness, for each search and for cumulative searches. POS is the probability the search object is in the search area and that it will be located. It is always less than or equal to Probability of Detection (POD), discussed later in this chapter, and is often significantly lower than POD, particularly in complex cases involving several days of searching. Used primarily in computer search planning, POS is seldom calculated in a manual solution. CASP uses POS with SRU information to determine optimal allocation of search effort, enabling the SMC to decide where to deploy SRUs for maximum effectiveness. 2. For drift calculations CASP uses average historical and forecast environmental data or on scene data. Actual on scene data should always be used when available, because relatively minor differences in information can greatly affect predicted datum. Even well-established currents can vary in location, direction, and intensity, and weather forecasts are sometimes inaccurate. OSCs should report observed drift and wind data to the SMC to update CASP inputs. 3. To improve CASP reliability and accuracy, successful and unsuccessful SAR missions are compared with CASP predictions. Copies of SITREPs, planning worksheets, and other information potentially useful in validating CASP should be sent to: Commandant (G-NRS) U.S. Coast Guard 2100 2nd Street, S.W. Washington, DC 20593-0001
D. Other SAR planning models, such as the Navy's NAVSAR package, are available for determining search area and resource allocation. Before use is made of such tools, their limitations and proper application should be determined. 510 DATUM The most probable location of the search object, corrected for movement over time, is known as datum. Determining datum begins with the reported position of the incident. Unless a distressed craft or individual is immobilized, as in a boat grounding or debilitating physical injury, the actual position of target during the search may be substantially different from the initial position. Therefore, possible movement of the search object should be counted for when calculating datum. Datum should be recomputed periodically as drift forces continue to affect the position of the target. Recomputed datums are usually labeled sequentially (e.g., Datum1, Datum2, Datum3), with time of calculation noted. 511 Initial Position The location where the distress occurred is called the initial position. To compute datum, the time and location of the search object's last reliable position are first considered. This will determine the type of datum to be computed. One of three situations usually exists, based on the initial information obtained: A. Position Known. The incident is witnessed or reported by radar net, DF net, another craft, or the distressed craft itself, or position is computed from a previously reliable position. If the position of the incident is known, drift is determined and datum computed. B. Track Known. The intended track is known but the position along the track is unknown, or a single line of position, such as a DF bearing, is obtained. If only the proposed track is known, a datum line, a known proposed track corrected for drift, can be 5-2
- Page 67 and 68: platform. Also of use for SAR are c
- Page 69 and 70: 3130.16 series. The SMC should de-a
- Page 71 and 72: continental U.S. and at offshore lo
- Page 73 and 74: the potential for recording data wi
- Page 75 and 76: other craft or radio stations: 1. A
- Page 77 and 78: EPIRBs. 9. 27.065 kHz (Citizens Ban
- Page 79 and 80: vessels) will be required to carry
- Page 81 and 82: . Non-compliance with FCC Rules and
- Page 83 and 84: 9. SART. 10. MF DSC, used to initia
- Page 85 and 86: 4. FAA Domestic Teletype Networks,
- Page 87 and 88: 3023 kHz (USB), 123.1 MHz, and 282.
- Page 89 and 90: 3. 2638 kHz, all areas. 4. 2738 kHz
- Page 91 and 92: SRUs and agencies. A search action
- Page 93 and 94: 2. Rescue Area f. SRUs on scene a.
- Page 95 and 96: extended time, a Notice to Mariners
- Page 97 and 98: The receiving and recording of info
- Page 99 and 100: case. The SMC is often automaticall
- Page 101 and 102: any source. b. There is suspicion t
- Page 103 and 104: The craft's float or flight plan is
- Page 105 and 106: Figure 4-1. Water Chill Without Ant
- Page 107 and 108: s Figure 4-2. Wind Chill Graph - Eq
- Page 109 and 110: 445 Weather A. Weather may limit SA
- Page 111 and 112: 451 Uncertainty Phase An Emergency
- Page 113 and 114: 471 PRECOM A. PRECOM search contact
- Page 115 and 116: the objective during their normal o
- Page 117: effective search plan. The plan may
- Page 121 and 122: 1. The aircraft glide area shown in
- Page 123 and 124: Figure 5-3. Vector Plots of Surface
- Page 125 and 126: TABLE 5-1. Parachute Drift Distance
- Page 127 and 128: the search object has, the greater
- Page 129 and 130: B. Sea Current (SC) is the residual
- Page 131 and 132: Figure 5-6A. Wind Current - North L
- Page 133 and 134: large lake can vary with season, we
- Page 135 and 136: 5. Other on scene observations can
- Page 137 and 138: 520 SEARCH AREA Figure 5-8. Minimax
- Page 139 and 140: Figure 5-9. Drift Error by Minimax
- Page 141 and 142: DRe to determine SRU error (Y = Fix
- Page 143 and 144: Figure 5-11. Search Areas - Moving
- Page 145 and 146: E. When only a datum area exists, s
- Page 147 and 148: SRUs are dispatched next. Supplemen
- Page 149 and 150: B. POD can be increased by decreasi
- Page 151 and 152: C. Visual sweep widths are determin
- Page 153 and 154: TABLE 5-6. Visual Sweep Width Estim
- Page 155 and 156: 9. Fatigue. Degradation of detectio
- Page 157 and 158: Table 5-8. Height of Eye vs. Horizo
- Page 159 and 160: 6. Sweep widths for Side-Looking Ai
- Page 161 and 162: TABLE 5-11a. Sweep Widths for Forwa
- Page 163 and 164: Sweep widths should be approximated
- Page 165 and 166: TABLE 5-14. Environmental Limitatio
- Page 167 and 168: Figure 5-19. Maritime Probability o
C. Computer-Aided <strong>Search</strong> Planning (CASP) is a computer program<br />
available at Coast Guard RCCs. It can be used in most search planning<br />
<strong>and</strong> is most useful in cases too complex for the manual method. Maritime<br />
cases with more than 24 hours of target drift <strong>and</strong> cases, inl<strong>and</strong> or<br />
maritime, with two or more successive searches can benefit significantly<br />
from CASP.<br />
1. Advantages offered by CASP are that the program:<br />
a. Accepts more available case data than is possible in<br />
a manual solution. The SMC can evaluate many possible<br />
scenarios with a range of incident times, positions, targets,<br />
situations, <strong>and</strong> environmental factors. The manual method<br />
averages data to estimate target location.<br />
b. Uses computer simulation to graphically depict the<br />
range of possible target locations, <strong>and</strong> areas most likely to<br />
contain the target. When more than one search is needed, CASP<br />
can use previous search results in estimating the probable<br />
target location for the next search.<br />
c. Calculates the Probability of Success (POS), a<br />
measure of search effectiveness, for each search <strong>and</strong> for<br />
cumulative searches. POS is the probability the search object<br />
is in the search area <strong>and</strong> that it will be located. It is<br />
always less than or equal to Probability of Detection (POD),<br />
discussed later in this chapter, <strong>and</strong> is often significantly<br />
lower than POD, particularly in complex cases involving<br />
several days of searching. Used primarily in computer search<br />
planning, POS is seldom calculated in a manual solution. CASP<br />
uses POS with SRU information to determine optimal allocation<br />
of search effort, enabling the SMC to decide where to deploy<br />
SRUs for maximum effectiveness.<br />
2. For drift calculations CASP uses average historical <strong>and</strong><br />
forecast environmental data or on scene data. Actual on scene<br />
data should always be used when available, because relatively<br />
minor differences in information can greatly affect predicted<br />
datum. Even well-established currents can vary in location,<br />
direction, <strong>and</strong> intensity, <strong>and</strong> weather forecasts are sometimes<br />
inaccurate. OSCs should report observed drift <strong>and</strong> wind data<br />
to the SMC to update CASP inputs.<br />
3. To improve CASP reliability <strong>and</strong> accuracy, successful <strong>and</strong><br />
unsuccessful SAR missions are compared with CASP predictions.<br />
Copies of SITREPs, planning worksheets, <strong>and</strong> other information<br />
potentially useful in validating CASP should be sent to:<br />
Comm<strong>and</strong>ant (G-NRS)<br />
U.S. Coast Guard<br />
2100 2nd Street, S.W.<br />
Washington, DC 20593-0001
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