JP 3-50 National Search and Rescue Manual Vol I - US Navy
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JP 3-50 National Search and Rescue Manual Vol I - US Navy

JP 3-50 National Search and Rescue Manual Vol I - US Navy JP 3-50 National Search and Rescue Manual Vol I - US Navy

library.ndmctsgh.edu.tw
from library.ndmctsgh.edu.tw More from this publisher
19.07.2013 Views

ody size, build, fatness, physical fitness, and state of health. The zone would include approximately 95 percent of the variation expected for adult and teenage humans under the conditions specified. Factors that make a person a slower cooler are: high body weight, heavy clothing, use of survival clothing, or the use of a huddling or other protective behavior. Factors that make a person a faster cooler are: low body weight, children, light clothing, or exercising such as persons without PFDs having to swim. The zone would be shifted downward by physical activity (e.g. swimming) and upward slightly for heavy clothing and/or protective behaviors (e.g. huddling with other survivors or adopting a fetal position in the water). Specialized insulated protective clothing (e.g. survival suits, wet suits, etc.) are capable of increasing survival time from 2 to 10 times (or more) the basic duration shown here. In the zone where death from hypothermia is highly improbable cold water greatly facilitates death from drowning, often in the first 10 to 15 minutes, particularly for those not wearing flotation devices. {2} However, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) still should be performed, particularly if immersion has not exceeded 60 minutes. b. Wind is an additional factor for exposed survivors, as body heat loss accelerates with increasing wind velocity. Figure 4-2, Equivalent Temperature curves, shows the effects of various wind speed and air temperature combinations and indicates the equivalent temperature on dry skin in still air. These curves emphasize the necessity for shelter of survivors exposed to severe cold. In temperatures below 0 degrees F (-18 degrees C) survivors become easily fatigued. 2. Heat stress and dehydration are dangers in hot climates, particularly desert areas. The most severe form of heat stress is heat stroke, when body temperature rises because of the collapse of the temperature control mechanism. If the body temperature rises above 107 degrees F (42 degrees C) for sustained periods, death usually occurs. Dehydration is a critical factor both in hot climates and in sea survival; a person without water will die in a few days. A combination of high temperatures and lack of water will quickly aggravate heat stress and dehydration. The life expectancy of survivors in a desert environment is shown in Figure 4-3. In high humidity areas, the water needs of the body are about one-half those in deserts at equal temperatures. 3. The presence of certain animal life may increase hazards and reduce expected survival time. The SMC should be aware of what animals may be in the search area and where to acquire specialized medical help quickly.

s Figure 4-2. Wind Chill Graph - Equivalent Temperature Curves 4-6

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Figure 4-2. Wind Chill Graph - Equivalent Temperature Curves<br />

4-6

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