a critical evaluation on the concept of justice in planning process
a critical evaluation on the concept of justice in planning process
a critical evaluation on the concept of justice in planning process
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applicati<strong>on</strong>s. Articles 15 and 16 <strong>of</strong> Development Law No. 3194 cannot be practiced <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> <strong>process</strong>es about <strong>the</strong> divisi<strong>on</strong> and jo<strong>in</strong>er <strong>of</strong> real properties with<strong>in</strong> this c<strong>on</strong>tent.” 56 With<br />
this decisi<strong>on</strong> which puts <strong>the</strong> local governments out <strong>of</strong> sessi<strong>on</strong> dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> plann<strong>in</strong>g<br />
<strong>process</strong>, <strong>the</strong> realisati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> privatisati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> development rights <strong>on</strong> <strong>the</strong> plots/lands will<br />
be caused also bey<strong>on</strong>d <strong>the</strong> privatisati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> plots/lands itself. Likewise it is known that<br />
many suits were open <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> courts about <strong>the</strong> cancellati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> implementati<strong>on</strong> plans and<br />
removal <strong>of</strong> nati<strong>on</strong>al treasure lands which are spared for comm<strong>on</strong> usages <strong>in</strong><br />
implementati<strong>on</strong> plans from <strong>the</strong>se k<strong>in</strong>ds <strong>of</strong> usages (Özdemir; 1994; 499). This <strong>process</strong><br />
seen <strong>in</strong> Turkish practice causes an unplanned and sp<strong>on</strong>taneous development <strong>in</strong><br />
urbanisati<strong>on</strong> <strong>process</strong> which has not caught <strong>the</strong> hous<strong>in</strong>g and healthy envir<strong>on</strong>mental<br />
c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong>s <strong>in</strong> urban space yet besides <strong>the</strong> shr<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g policies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> state. At this po<strong>in</strong>t,<br />
<strong>the</strong> right <strong>of</strong> liv<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> a healthy envir<strong>on</strong>ment <strong>in</strong> urban space is almost out <strong>of</strong> questi<strong>on</strong><br />
especially for low-<strong>in</strong>come city dwellers with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> free market c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong>s. From this<br />
viewpo<strong>in</strong>t “expropriati<strong>on</strong>” procedures c<strong>on</strong>flicts with “privatisati<strong>on</strong>” policies <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
realisati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> facilities <strong>in</strong> cities.<br />
It is known that attempts <strong>of</strong> “shr<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> state” have many social effects like<br />
social <strong>in</strong>equalities, <strong>in</strong>creases <strong>in</strong> social polarisati<strong>on</strong>, as observed <strong>in</strong> many societies. The<br />
most affected <strong>on</strong>es from this transformati<strong>on</strong> <strong>in</strong> every society are “poor” people and this<br />
<strong>process</strong> produces new poor people <strong>in</strong> cities. In Turkish practice, however, state retreats<br />
from <strong>the</strong> basic public services like educati<strong>on</strong>, health, social security which it tried to<br />
undertake before and leaves <strong>the</strong>se services under <strong>the</strong> resp<strong>on</strong>sibility <strong>of</strong> market<br />
mechanism which; means commercialisati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>itable basic services. As <strong>the</strong><br />
result <strong>of</strong> this commercialisati<strong>on</strong>, while <strong>the</strong> opportunity to benefit from <strong>the</strong>se highly<br />
qualified services exists for high and mid-high <strong>in</strong>come groups, low-<strong>in</strong>come groups <strong>on</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r hand have no o<strong>the</strong>r soluti<strong>on</strong> but becom<strong>in</strong>g dependent <strong>on</strong> <strong>in</strong>formal support<strong>in</strong>g<br />
relati<strong>on</strong>s with<strong>in</strong> this system (Erder, 1998, 107-114).<br />
C<strong>on</strong>cept <strong>of</strong> public <strong>in</strong>terest became a subject <strong>on</strong> which many arguments were<br />
d<strong>on</strong>e dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> period when <strong>the</strong>se developments occurred. Priorities which changed <strong>in</strong><br />
urban space make he questi<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> how <strong>the</strong> urban sources will be used and distributed<br />
very important.<br />
On <strong>on</strong>e hand while <strong>the</strong> cities compet<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> global scale and <strong>the</strong>ir attempts to be<br />
<strong>in</strong>cluded <strong>in</strong> to <strong>the</strong> <strong>process</strong> <strong>in</strong> urban design scale are seen, <strong>on</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r hand <strong>on</strong>e way<br />
56 Odyakmaz, 2001, 141-146; For <strong>the</strong> law at WEB-2 and WEB-14 are cosidered.<br />
87