a critical evaluation on the concept of justice in planning process
a critical evaluation on the concept of justice in planning process
a critical evaluation on the concept of justice in planning process
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Kazgan c<strong>on</strong>siders this <strong>process</strong> seen <strong>in</strong> Turkey and its reflecti<strong>on</strong>s <strong>on</strong> ec<strong>on</strong>omic<br />
field as “privatisati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> public benefits, expropriati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> private benefits. Support <strong>of</strong><br />
state <strong>on</strong> <strong>the</strong> banks and <strong>on</strong> private enterprises <strong>in</strong> which great number <strong>of</strong> firms take place<br />
and save <strong>the</strong>m from s<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g is <strong>the</strong> expropriati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> private benefit. In this sense public<br />
pays <strong>the</strong> f<strong>in</strong>ancial losses <strong>of</strong> private sector. Besides decreas<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> risk <strong>of</strong> private sector<br />
and forc<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> public to pay <strong>the</strong>ir losses <strong>in</strong>stead <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> owners <strong>of</strong> those firms,<br />
privatisati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> public benefits are realised through decreas<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> public<br />
revenues/wealth and through transferr<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> opportunities which large masses benefit<br />
from to few firms”.(Kazgan; 1999;213-281) 54<br />
First <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> c<strong>on</strong>crete, effects <strong>of</strong> law no. 4046 <strong>on</strong> urban land is its decisi<strong>on</strong> taken<br />
for <strong>the</strong> sail <strong>of</strong> public lands and realisati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> sail<strong>in</strong>g/privatisati<strong>on</strong> procedures with this<br />
decisi<strong>on</strong>. These practices, mean<strong>in</strong>g transfer <strong>of</strong> public land to private ownership, <strong>in</strong>crease<br />
<strong>the</strong> problems <strong>of</strong> reservati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> lands for urban facilities needed <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> formati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> a<br />
healthy urban envir<strong>on</strong>ment. It is stated by <strong>the</strong> urban planners that c<strong>on</strong>sumpti<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />
exist<strong>in</strong>g public land stocks without form<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>tegral and l<strong>on</strong>g form programs about <strong>the</strong><br />
need for technical-social facility areas and how this need will be met and about <strong>the</strong> l<strong>on</strong>g<br />
term urban land needs, means to mortgage <strong>the</strong> future <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cities.(Özdemir; 2004;<br />
500) 55 . In this sense, law no.4046 has a c<strong>on</strong>tent which may cause privatisati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> public<br />
<strong>in</strong>terest <strong>in</strong> all activities start<strong>in</strong>g from macro scale to micro scale and from <strong>in</strong>vestment<br />
decisi<strong>on</strong>s to <strong>the</strong> decisi<strong>on</strong>s about physical space.<br />
Ano<strong>the</strong>r effect <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> law is, authorities def<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> urban plann<strong>in</strong>g and <strong>the</strong> new<br />
approach determ<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> plann<strong>in</strong>g. There is also a change <strong>on</strong> <strong>the</strong> article 9 <strong>of</strong><br />
Development Law no. 3194 as stated <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> article 41 <strong>of</strong> law no.4046. This article gives<br />
an opportunity <strong>of</strong> preparati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> all k<strong>in</strong>ds <strong>of</strong> plans <strong>on</strong> “<strong>the</strong> plots and lands taken <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong><br />
program <strong>of</strong> privatisati<strong>on</strong>” by Directorate <strong>of</strong> Privatizati<strong>on</strong> and go<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>to effect after <strong>the</strong><br />
approval <strong>of</strong> High Commissi<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> Privatizati<strong>on</strong>. In <strong>the</strong> paragraph D <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> article 19 <strong>of</strong><br />
this law it is stated that: “preparati<strong>on</strong>s about <strong>the</strong> divisi<strong>on</strong> and jo<strong>in</strong>er <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> real properties<br />
bel<strong>on</strong>g<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> corporati<strong>on</strong>s and <strong>the</strong> <strong>process</strong> required by <strong>the</strong>se organisati<strong>on</strong>s are made<br />
by adm<strong>in</strong>istrati<strong>on</strong>, till <strong>the</strong> public share falls below 50% <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> jo<strong>in</strong>t stock corporati<strong>on</strong>s<br />
and till <strong>the</strong> transfer date <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs is reached as <strong>the</strong> result <strong>of</strong> privatisati<strong>on</strong><br />
54 For discussi<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> different directi<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> globalizati<strong>on</strong> and effects <strong>in</strong> Turkey See <strong>the</strong>se sources;<br />
Kazgan, 1999; Keyder;1993;2000; Güler,1998; Eraydın.<br />
55 For a detail viewpo<strong>in</strong>t about why public lands are necessary <strong>in</strong> urban space see Özdemir’s unpublished<br />
PhD Thesis (1993); Tarık Okyay Anısına Makaleler (1991; 497-514); Chamher <strong>of</strong> City Planner’s<br />
publish<strong>in</strong>g “Özelle tirme ve Kamu Arazileri”1997.<br />
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