a critical evaluation on the concept of justice in planning process
a critical evaluation on the concept of justice in planning process
a critical evaluation on the concept of justice in planning process
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Turkey. Individualistic rights and freedoms and social and ec<strong>on</strong>omic rights and duties<br />
def<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> articles hous<strong>in</strong>g right (article 57), settlement freedom (article 23), ownership<br />
right (article 35), land ownership (article 44), public <strong>in</strong>terest (article 43-44-45-46-47)<br />
and plann<strong>in</strong>g (article166) <strong>in</strong> 1982 C<strong>on</strong>stituti<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> Turkish Republic found a more<br />
c<strong>on</strong>crete base with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> scope <strong>of</strong> this law. This law can be accepted as a step <strong>in</strong> tak<strong>in</strong>g<br />
precauti<strong>on</strong>s balanc<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> ownership right <strong>in</strong>cluded <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>dividual rights and duties<br />
and <strong>the</strong> right to live <strong>in</strong> a healthy envir<strong>on</strong>ment (article 56) and hous<strong>in</strong>g rights (article 57)<br />
<strong>in</strong>cluded <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> social and ec<strong>on</strong>omic rights.<br />
The aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Development Law No. 3194 is; determ<strong>in</strong>ed as <strong>the</strong> “formati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> settlement areas and build<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>se areas <strong>in</strong> accordance with <strong>the</strong> plann<strong>in</strong>g,<br />
technological, health and envir<strong>on</strong>mental c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong>s” (article 1). This law “embraces all<br />
<strong>the</strong> plans and build<strong>in</strong>gs d<strong>on</strong>e with<strong>in</strong> or without <strong>the</strong> municipality and adjacent (mücavir)<br />
areas.” (article 2) In <strong>the</strong> first part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> law aim, 1,2 and 3. In <strong>the</strong> fourth article <strong>the</strong><br />
def<strong>in</strong>iti<strong>on</strong>s <strong>of</strong> Development Plan, Implementati<strong>on</strong> Plan, Settlement Plan, City Block,<br />
Plot, Cadastral Block, Cadastral Plot, Build<strong>in</strong>g, Adjacent Area, Envir<strong>on</strong>ment Plan are<br />
made. Relevant adm<strong>in</strong>istrative <strong>of</strong>fices are municipalities with<strong>in</strong> boundaries <strong>of</strong><br />
municipalities and adjacent area, prov<strong>in</strong>cial <strong>of</strong>fices and M<strong>in</strong>istry <strong>of</strong> Public Works and<br />
Settlement outside <strong>the</strong>se boundaries. As can be understood from <strong>the</strong> def<strong>in</strong>iti<strong>on</strong>s all k<strong>in</strong>ds<br />
<strong>of</strong> plann<strong>in</strong>g and build<strong>in</strong>g regulati<strong>on</strong>s from <strong>the</strong> scale <strong>of</strong> Envir<strong>on</strong>mental Plann<strong>in</strong>g to<br />
build<strong>in</strong>g scale take place with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> scope <strong>of</strong> this law.<br />
In <strong>the</strong> sec<strong>on</strong>d part with a title Pr<strong>in</strong>ciples About Development Plans articles like;<br />
plann<strong>in</strong>g scales, base maps and development plans, authority <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> m<strong>in</strong>istry <strong>in</strong><br />
development plans, development programs, expropriati<strong>on</strong> and limitati<strong>on</strong> <strong>process</strong>; real<br />
estates bel<strong>on</strong>g<strong>in</strong>g to public; fr<strong>on</strong>t l<strong>in</strong>e; areas reserved for public services, and servitudes<br />
take place. Third part is about “divisi<strong>on</strong> and unify<strong>in</strong>g; divisi<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> undivided property;<br />
rema<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g parts from expropriati<strong>on</strong>; plot and land regulati<strong>on</strong>s; preparati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />
subdivisi<strong>on</strong> plans and <strong>of</strong>ficial registrati<strong>on</strong>. Forth part <strong>in</strong>volves articles about build<strong>in</strong>gs;<br />
build<strong>in</strong>g permissi<strong>on</strong>s; c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong>s <strong>of</strong> tak<strong>in</strong>g build<strong>in</strong>g permissi<strong>on</strong>; build<strong>in</strong>g permissi<strong>on</strong> <strong>in</strong><br />
development areas; permissi<strong>on</strong> to public build<strong>in</strong>gs; technical resp<strong>on</strong>sibilities and<br />
registrati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> build<strong>in</strong>g c<strong>on</strong>structors; permissi<strong>on</strong> durati<strong>on</strong>; build<strong>in</strong>g usage permissi<strong>on</strong>;<br />
build<strong>in</strong>gs without usage permissi<strong>on</strong>; illegal build<strong>in</strong>gs; temporary build<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> public<br />
spaces; measures and obligati<strong>on</strong>s about c<strong>on</strong>structi<strong>on</strong>, repairs and landscape plans;<br />
excavat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> ground; houses <strong>of</strong> doorkeepers and shelters; car park<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
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