a critical evaluation on the concept of justice in planning process
a critical evaluation on the concept of justice in planning process
a critical evaluation on the concept of justice in planning process
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<strong>of</strong> law and <strong>justice</strong> and prepar<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong>s necessary for <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>in</strong>dividuals” take place (article 5).<br />
Def<strong>in</strong>iti<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>dividuals: People who have <strong>the</strong> right and authority to have an<br />
h<strong>on</strong>orable life with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> order <strong>of</strong> law and to improve <strong>the</strong>ir existence by <strong>in</strong>terest<strong>in</strong>g from<br />
<strong>the</strong> basic rights and freedoms, equalities and social <strong>justice</strong>.<br />
When studied from <strong>the</strong> viewpo<strong>in</strong>t <strong>of</strong> equality, <strong>in</strong>dividuals; are equal <strong>in</strong> fr<strong>on</strong>t <strong>of</strong> laws and<br />
have equal, political rights and freedoms. State is obliged to provide <strong>the</strong> realizati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong>se equalities and <strong>the</strong> state organs should move accord<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong>se pr<strong>in</strong>ciples (article<br />
10).<br />
From <strong>the</strong> viewpo<strong>in</strong>t <strong>of</strong> freedoms, <strong>in</strong>dividuals have pers<strong>on</strong>al freedom and security and<br />
<strong>the</strong> state is obliged to take measures for this security (article 19). Individuals have<br />
settlement freedom but <strong>the</strong>se freedoms can be limited by <strong>the</strong> state if necessary (article<br />
23). Individuals have <strong>the</strong> freedom <strong>of</strong> to <strong>in</strong>sist <strong>on</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir rights for every problem caused<br />
by <strong>in</strong>dividuals-society and <strong>the</strong> state (article 36). Judicial power has <strong>the</strong> duty <strong>on</strong> this<br />
subject.<br />
As <strong>the</strong> generalizati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> rights; <strong>in</strong>dividuals have <strong>the</strong> ownership and <strong>in</strong>heritance rights,<br />
utilizati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se rights cannot be aga<strong>in</strong>st <strong>the</strong> social <strong>in</strong>terest and c<strong>on</strong>trol <strong>of</strong> it bel<strong>on</strong>gs<br />
to <strong>the</strong> state. Limitati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> this right for <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>terest <strong>of</strong> public bel<strong>on</strong>gs to <strong>the</strong> state (article<br />
35). Individuals have <strong>the</strong> right to live <strong>in</strong> a healthy balanced envir<strong>on</strong>ment and to form a<br />
healthy envir<strong>on</strong>ment is under <strong>the</strong> resp<strong>on</strong>sibility <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> state and <strong>in</strong>dividuals (article 56).<br />
It is <strong>the</strong> duty <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> state to take measures to fulfill <strong>the</strong> needs <strong>of</strong> hous<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>dividuals<br />
(article 57). Individuals have social security right and necessary measures should be<br />
taken by <strong>the</strong> state (article 60). People have educati<strong>on</strong> right (as a social and ec<strong>on</strong>omic<br />
right) and it is <strong>the</strong> state’s duty to protect this right (article 42).<br />
In <strong>the</strong> articles about Public Interest subjects such as; utilizati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> coasts<br />
(article 43), land ownership, agriculture, animal husbandry, protecti<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> pers<strong>on</strong>s<br />
engaged <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>se activities, expropribiti<strong>on</strong>, nati<strong>on</strong>alizati<strong>on</strong> and privatizati<strong>on</strong> (47),<br />
c<strong>on</strong>servati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> historical and cultural wealth (article 63), nati<strong>on</strong>al wealth and resources<br />
(article 168), forests (articles 169,170) and cooperatives are discussed and measures <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> state taken for <strong>the</strong> public <strong>in</strong>terest and society and duties <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> state <strong>on</strong> <strong>the</strong>se subjects<br />
are def<strong>in</strong>ed. In <strong>the</strong> articles about public and social <strong>in</strong>terest no clear explanati<strong>on</strong> is given.<br />
C<strong>on</strong>stituti<strong>on</strong> states that nati<strong>on</strong>alizati<strong>on</strong> can be realized for <strong>the</strong> public <strong>in</strong>terest as well as<br />
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