a critical evaluation on the concept of justice in planning process
a critical evaluation on the concept of justice in planning process
a critical evaluation on the concept of justice in planning process
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Land ownership and its utilizati<strong>on</strong> pr<strong>in</strong>ciples take place <strong>in</strong> article 44. With<br />
this article state is given duty <strong>of</strong> tak<strong>in</strong>g precauti<strong>on</strong>s. These precauti<strong>on</strong>s are stated as this:<br />
“shall take <strong>the</strong> necessary measures to ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong> and develop efficient land cultivati<strong>on</strong>, to<br />
prevent its loss through erosi<strong>on</strong>, and to provide land to farmers with <strong>in</strong>sufficient land <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong>ir own or no land. For this purpose, <strong>the</strong> law may def<strong>in</strong>e <strong>the</strong> size <strong>of</strong> appropriate land<br />
units, accord<strong>in</strong>g to different agricultural regi<strong>on</strong>s and types <strong>of</strong> farm<strong>in</strong>g. Provid<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> land<br />
to farmers with no or <strong>in</strong>sufficient land shall not lead to a fall <strong>in</strong> producti<strong>on</strong>, or to <strong>the</strong><br />
depleti<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> forests and o<strong>the</strong>r land and underground resources.”<br />
Arrangements about “Protecti<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and <strong>of</strong><br />
Pers<strong>on</strong>s Engaged <strong>in</strong> These Activities” which take place under <strong>the</strong> title Public Interest<br />
are stated <strong>in</strong> article 45 as: “The state facilitates farmers and livestock breeders <strong>in</strong><br />
acquir<strong>in</strong>g mach<strong>in</strong>ery, equipment and o<strong>the</strong>r <strong>in</strong>puts <strong>in</strong> order to prevent improper use and<br />
destructi<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> agricultural land, meadows and pastures and to <strong>in</strong>crease crop and<br />
livestock producti<strong>on</strong> <strong>in</strong> accordance with <strong>the</strong> pr<strong>in</strong>ciples <strong>of</strong> agricultural plann<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
The state shall take necessary measures to promote <strong>the</strong> values <strong>of</strong> crop and<br />
livestock products, and to enable growers and producers to be paid <strong>the</strong> real value <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong>ir products.”<br />
Accord<strong>in</strong>g to article 46 about expropriati<strong>on</strong> (As amended <strong>on</strong> October 17, 2001)<br />
“The State and public corporati<strong>on</strong>s shall be entitled, where <strong>the</strong> public <strong>in</strong>terest requires it,<br />
to expropriate privately owned real estate wholly or <strong>in</strong> part and impose adm<strong>in</strong>istrative<br />
servitude <strong>on</strong> it, <strong>in</strong> accordance with <strong>the</strong> pr<strong>in</strong>ciples and procedures prescribed by law,<br />
provided that <strong>the</strong> actual compensati<strong>on</strong> is paid <strong>in</strong> advance”. With<strong>in</strong> its c<strong>on</strong>tent <strong>the</strong><br />
payment <strong>of</strong> expropriati<strong>on</strong>, payment c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong>s payment way are expla<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> detail.<br />
In article 47 about “Nati<strong>on</strong>alizati<strong>on</strong> and Privatizati<strong>on</strong>” it is stated that<br />
“private enterprises perform<strong>in</strong>g public services can be nati<strong>on</strong>alized when this is required<br />
by <strong>the</strong> exigencies <strong>of</strong> public <strong>in</strong>terest”. Privatizati<strong>on</strong> is added to this article by a<br />
C<strong>on</strong>stituti<strong>on</strong>al change <strong>in</strong> 1999 (Additi<strong>on</strong>: 13/8/1999-4446/1). It is decided that<br />
pr<strong>in</strong>ciples and rules c<strong>on</strong>cern<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> privatizati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> enterprises and assets owned by <strong>the</strong><br />
State, State Ec<strong>on</strong>omic Enterprises and o<strong>the</strong>r public corporate bodies shall be prescribed<br />
by law. Privatizati<strong>on</strong> practices and arguments which started <strong>in</strong> 1990’s are based <strong>on</strong> this<br />
article added <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong> C<strong>on</strong>stituti<strong>on</strong> <strong>in</strong> 1999 with a change. Before and after this<br />
C<strong>on</strong>stituti<strong>on</strong>al change, (privatizati<strong>on</strong>) sell<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> many lands and plots owned by public<br />
were realized.<br />
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