a critical evaluation on the concept of justice in planning process
a critical evaluation on the concept of justice in planning process
a critical evaluation on the concept of justice in planning process
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3.1.1. C<strong>on</strong>tent <strong>of</strong> 1982 Dated Turkish Republic C<strong>on</strong>stituti<strong>on</strong>: Rights<br />
and Liberties; Interest and Equality<br />
1980’s are <strong>the</strong> years when legal, adm<strong>in</strong>istrative transformati<strong>on</strong>s occurred <strong>in</strong><br />
Turkey. New legal arrangements follow<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> C<strong>on</strong>stituti<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> Turkish Republic<br />
changed after 1980 military <strong>in</strong>terference and its affects <strong>on</strong> spatial and plann<strong>in</strong>g<br />
discipl<strong>in</strong>e came out with <strong>the</strong>se new arrangements, are discussed.<br />
C<strong>on</strong>stituti<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> Turkish Republic was accepted <strong>on</strong> October 18, 1982 by <strong>the</strong><br />
C<strong>on</strong>stituti<strong>on</strong>al Assembly and became valid by a referendum <strong>on</strong> November, 7, 1982 with<br />
an acceptance ratio <strong>of</strong> 92%. Start<strong>in</strong>g with <strong>the</strong> date it became valid, many articles are<br />
changed till today 36 . C<strong>on</strong>stituti<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> Turkish Republic evaluated below is studied with<br />
its last changes d<strong>on</strong>e <strong>in</strong> 2004 37 . 38<br />
In <strong>the</strong> preamble part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> C<strong>on</strong>stituti<strong>on</strong> (article 3.10.2001-4709/1) it is<br />
determ<strong>in</strong>ed that; “... every Turkish citizen has <strong>the</strong> right and jurisdicti<strong>on</strong> start<strong>in</strong>g with his<br />
birth to have an h<strong>on</strong>orable life with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> nati<strong>on</strong>al culture, civilizati<strong>on</strong> and law order by<br />
benefit<strong>in</strong>g from <strong>the</strong> basic rights and liberties <strong>on</strong> equal and social <strong>justice</strong> grounds and to<br />
develop his physical and moral existence <strong>in</strong> this way; ... has rights to demand a peaceful<br />
life ...” With this def<strong>in</strong>iti<strong>on</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> preamble secti<strong>on</strong> it is determ<strong>in</strong>ed and secured that<br />
every Turkish citizen has <strong>the</strong> right and jurisdicti<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> 1. hav<strong>in</strong>g an h<strong>on</strong>orable life, 2.<br />
Develop<strong>in</strong>g his physical and moral existence with<strong>in</strong> a rule <strong>of</strong> law bas<strong>in</strong>g <strong>on</strong> a social<br />
<strong>justice</strong> and is equal <strong>in</strong> fr<strong>on</strong>t <strong>of</strong> laws.<br />
C<strong>on</strong>stituti<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> Turkish Republic dated 1982 has 7 Ma<strong>in</strong> parts apart from preamble<br />
secti<strong>on</strong> and 177 articles <strong>in</strong> total. These seven parts are; 1. General Pr<strong>in</strong>ciples, 2. Basic<br />
Rights and Duties, 3. Basic Organs <strong>of</strong> Republic, 4. F<strong>in</strong>ancial and Ec<strong>on</strong>omic Judgements,<br />
5. Various Judgements, 6. Temporary Judgements, 7. Last Judgements. These seven<br />
parts are covered under sub-topics and chapters. Articles def<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> rights and<br />
liberties, <strong>in</strong>terests and equalities form<strong>in</strong>g a base for city plann<strong>in</strong>g discipl<strong>in</strong>e and <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
c<strong>on</strong>tents with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>se parts, sub-topics and chapters are quoted below <strong>in</strong> a list<br />
emphasiz<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> basic po<strong>in</strong>ts.<br />
36 It can be seen that C<strong>on</strong>stituti<strong>on</strong> dated 1982 changed through <strong>the</strong> years 1987-2004. Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se<br />
changes can be listed as: Law No.3361-1987; law no 3913-1993; law no.4121-1995; law no 4388-1999;<br />
law no 4446-1999; law no 4709-2001; law no 4720-2001; law no 4777-2002; Resource: WEB-1 and<br />
WEB-3<br />
37 Resource: WEB-3 and WEB-4<br />
38 The English translati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> C<strong>on</strong>stituti<strong>on</strong> text bases <strong>on</strong> <strong>the</strong> text at WEB-5<br />
56