a critical evaluation on the concept of justice in planning process

giving the heterogenous urban vision a central place in design of physical space. In
physical planning and urban design, the three social targets as components of social
change are set forth as community, social equity and common good (Talen; 2002,
Fainstein; 2002).
These three approaches discuss the process, results and essence of planning by
examining how existing inequalities are produced by whom, which processes and tools
in planning activity. All three approaches direct their critiques to market processes in
general and the traditional rational planning approach in particular.
2.5.1. Rawlsian Approaches and Critiques against the Planning
Paradigm
At present, the city planning activity is accepted to refer to re-organization of the
values, benefits, costs and opportunities created through social processes on physical
space. Because of its meaning as such, planning is taken as part of distribution and re-
distribution mechanisms. When the planning activity is adopted as the physical spatial
organizations in urban space, the process of distribution also seems to be affected and
determined by the decisions made for scarce resources of the urban space. With such
decisions, re-determination of the produced benefits (who gets what) and costs (who
pays) are manifest in urban space (Talen; 1998; 22). For this reason, depending on the
results of spatial decisions made for urban space, the matter of who the winners and
loosers, the advantaged and disadvantaged ones are carry great importance for the
planning discipline (Hendler; 1995, 5).
The mentioned assessments pertaining to urban area focus on critiques of the
traditional planning model (which in fact is the Rational Comprehensive Model) as the
prevailing paradigm of the planning discipline. These critiques can be summarized as
below:
1. The traditional planning model used widespread (Rational Comprehensive Model)
does not give sufficient importance to the question of whose gains and whose loses in
urban physical space.
This model, of which the point of departure lies in the assumption that the
collection and analysis of data, formulation of explanatory models, formulation of
alternatives in attaining public targets and selection of the best alternative can all be
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