a critical evaluation on the concept of justice in planning process
a critical evaluation on the concept of justice in planning process
a critical evaluation on the concept of justice in planning process
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2.5. Spatial C<strong>on</strong>siderati<strong>on</strong>s Based <strong>on</strong> Justice Debate and Changes <strong>in</strong><br />
Plann<strong>in</strong>g Theories<br />
The city plann<strong>in</strong>g activity is a way <strong>of</strong> spatial <strong>in</strong>terventi<strong>on</strong> realized <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> aim <strong>of</strong><br />
organiz<strong>in</strong>g physical space. The fundamental purpose <strong>of</strong> physical space <strong>in</strong>terventi<strong>on</strong>s,<br />
which are held <strong>in</strong> public sphere by use <strong>of</strong> public power and c<strong>on</strong>siderati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> public<br />
benefit, is to atta<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> desired level <strong>of</strong> development and physical space organizati<strong>on</strong>.<br />
This <strong>in</strong>terventi<strong>on</strong> <strong>in</strong> physical space aimed at encounter<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> spatial requirements <strong>of</strong><br />
society manifests that <strong>the</strong> discipl<strong>in</strong>e <strong>of</strong> plann<strong>in</strong>g is not <strong>in</strong>dependent from distributi<strong>on</strong>al<br />
relati<strong>on</strong>s <strong>in</strong> terms <strong>of</strong> its purpose and tools both. As for <strong>the</strong>se distributi<strong>on</strong>al relati<strong>on</strong>s<br />
compris<strong>in</strong>g distributi<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> opportunities, costs and urban benefit, <strong>the</strong>y are <strong>in</strong>fluential<br />
up<strong>on</strong> both <strong>the</strong> physical and <strong>the</strong> socio-ec<strong>on</strong>omical structures.<br />
Debate <strong>of</strong> <strong>justice</strong> <strong>in</strong> relati<strong>on</strong> to <strong>the</strong>se <strong>in</strong>terventi<strong>on</strong>s <strong>in</strong> urban area has been<br />
majored <strong>on</strong> with urban analysis studies <strong>of</strong> Castells and Harvey 32 from <strong>the</strong> perspective <strong>of</strong><br />
political ec<strong>on</strong>omy.<br />
Collective c<strong>on</strong>sumpti<strong>on</strong> and <strong>the</strong> rise <strong>of</strong> urban social movements c<strong>on</strong>stitute<br />
Castells’ po<strong>in</strong>t <strong>of</strong> departure. Castells regards urban problems as c<strong>on</strong>nected with <strong>the</strong><br />
organizati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> comm<strong>on</strong> tools <strong>of</strong> c<strong>on</strong>sumpti<strong>on</strong> tak<strong>in</strong>g place <strong>on</strong> basis <strong>of</strong> daily life <strong>of</strong> all<br />
social groups. In his op<strong>in</strong>i<strong>on</strong>, <strong>the</strong> urban crisis is a special way <strong>of</strong> a more general crisis<br />
exposed by <strong>the</strong> c<strong>on</strong>tradicti<strong>on</strong> between productive powers and producti<strong>on</strong> relati<strong>on</strong>s<br />
(Castell,1997,12-15).<br />
Harvey, <strong>on</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r hand, takes <strong>the</strong> history <strong>of</strong> urban development <strong>in</strong>to<br />
c<strong>on</strong>siderati<strong>on</strong> by elucidat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> capitalist <strong>process</strong> via its spatial impacts and how<br />
severely it <strong>in</strong>creases <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>equalities <strong>in</strong> social space (Harvey, 1993). Harvey and Castells<br />
both suggest that <strong>the</strong> basic problem <strong>of</strong> unequal development <strong>in</strong> urban spaces produced<br />
under relati<strong>on</strong>s <strong>of</strong> capitalist producti<strong>on</strong> lies <strong>in</strong> relati<strong>on</strong>s <strong>of</strong> producti<strong>on</strong> (Fa<strong>in</strong>ste<strong>in</strong>, 1996).<br />
In his first period studies, dur<strong>in</strong>g which he has focused <strong>on</strong> <strong>in</strong>equality and <strong>justice</strong>,<br />
Harvey dwells <strong>on</strong> how “just distributi<strong>on</strong> justly arrived at” as referr<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> resources <strong>in</strong><br />
a liberal society can be possible. He c<strong>on</strong>siders space with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>tegrati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> social<br />
<strong>process</strong>es and spatial form and emphasizes <strong>the</strong> significance <strong>of</strong> social <strong>justice</strong> and its<br />
pr<strong>in</strong>ciples <strong>in</strong> understand<strong>in</strong>g this holistic relati<strong>on</strong> (Harvey; 1993; 13-14). Rawls’<br />
32 The first period studies menti<strong>on</strong>ed here are namely Harvey’s Social Justice and <strong>the</strong> City (1993), and<br />
Castells’ City, Class, Power (1997).<br />
45