a critical evaluation on the concept of justice in planning process

2.4.4. A General Evaluation about the Development of Rights and
Liberties
Three different periods in the improvement liberal rule of law and liberal rights
and liberties can be generalized as below.
First Period: Negative liberties began to be seen during the beginning of rising period
of rule of law (first stage, individual liberties and political rights) and these liberties
found a practice field with “laissez faire”, economic political perspective. Protection of
liberties owned by people starting from their birth and their put under security take
place on the basis of justice of the state at that period. It is accepted that with the
competing attempts among these individuals whose liberties are protected, economic
and social progresses and developments could be achieved. Characteristics of this
period are; a society constitute of atomistic free individuals; a legal order formed of
these individuals’ unlimited rights and liberties; unlimited rights and liberties gained by
birth; a state approach as the organizing mechanism of these rights and liberties. First
stage rights at this period when dominancy was given to law and state in the sense of
getting free from divine will power, from class and group and arrangement of these
rights were progressive practices. However, inequalities in the development of rights
and liberties in economic and political fields and deepening poverty problems mode it
necessary to gain a new dimension to first stage liberties.
Second stage; Second stage which developed after economic progressions, economic
crisis of the world, and after First and Second World War is the period of social,
economic and cultural rights. This period can be summarized as; welfare state practices
supported by Keynesian policies, too; rule of law transforming into a social state and its
extension; extension in government type and in representative democracy. The main
emphasize of that period is on the “interfering role of the state in achieving equality”. In
other words, intervention of the state on distribution division relation on economic field
has the meaning of the state to take the role of balancing and organizing the inequalities.
In the third period; global economic, social, cultural organization and
developments were effective especially after 1970’s. The main characteristics of this
period are; abandonment of Keynesian development policies; discourses about going
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