a critical evaluation on the concept of justice in planning process
a critical evaluation on the concept of justice in planning process
a critical evaluation on the concept of justice in planning process
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ec<strong>on</strong>omy approaches encounter. As a c<strong>on</strong>sequence, <strong>the</strong> def<strong>in</strong>iti<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> distributi<strong>on</strong>al<br />
<strong>justice</strong> pr<strong>in</strong>ciples and <strong>the</strong> determ<strong>in</strong>ati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> rights, liberty and aut<strong>on</strong>omies can be<br />
regarded as important steps <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> c<strong>on</strong>stituti<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> a just society.<br />
This answer is attributable to <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>sufficiency <strong>of</strong> distributi<strong>on</strong>al <strong>justice</strong> pr<strong>in</strong>ciples<br />
<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> democratizati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>process</strong> and <strong>the</strong> outcome as well as lack <strong>of</strong> isolati<strong>on</strong> and<br />
<strong>in</strong>ability to elim<strong>in</strong>ate micro power relati<strong>on</strong>s. Never<strong>the</strong>less, <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>sufficiency <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se<br />
determ<strong>in</strong>ati<strong>on</strong>s is apparent, due to <strong>the</strong> fact that <strong>the</strong>y risk elim<strong>in</strong>at<strong>in</strong>g differences and are<br />
politically limited. Five different forms <strong>of</strong> pressure and obsessi<strong>on</strong> that Young developed<br />
have ga<strong>in</strong>ed importance <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> assessment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se criticisms: These are exploitati<strong>on</strong>,<br />
marg<strong>in</strong>alizati<strong>on</strong>, powerlessness, cultural imperialism and violence. Young attributes a<br />
central value to <strong>the</strong>se five forms <strong>of</strong> obsessi<strong>on</strong> and pressure, and discusses <strong>the</strong> way<br />
<strong>in</strong><strong>justice</strong> has been reproduced <strong>in</strong> social structure and relati<strong>on</strong>s (Young;1990;39-65).<br />
2.2.5. Justice as a Producti<strong>on</strong> Relati<strong>on</strong>s <strong>in</strong> Marxist Approach<br />
Peffer, <strong>the</strong> representative <strong>of</strong> classical Marxist approach, argues that, <strong>justice</strong><br />
pr<strong>in</strong>ciples should be handled <strong>in</strong> an <strong>in</strong>tegrati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> producti<strong>on</strong> relati<strong>on</strong>s and it would not<br />
be possible to menti<strong>on</strong> a just society unless producti<strong>on</strong> relati<strong>on</strong>s are c<strong>on</strong>verted.<br />
Producti<strong>on</strong> relati<strong>on</strong>s <strong>in</strong> this approach take place at <strong>the</strong> center <strong>of</strong>, <strong>justice</strong> pr<strong>in</strong>ciples and<br />
social <strong>justice</strong>. Regulati<strong>on</strong>s <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> distributi<strong>on</strong>al area c<strong>on</strong>tribute little more than <strong>the</strong><br />
susta<strong>in</strong>ment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present <strong>in</strong>equalities <strong>in</strong> this system. Such a case will <strong>on</strong>ly cause <strong>justice</strong><br />
discussi<strong>on</strong>s to rema<strong>in</strong> as bourgeoisie worries.<br />
On <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r hand, Peffer’s suggesti<strong>on</strong> is to focus <strong>on</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>justice</strong> c<strong>on</strong>cept and<br />
pr<strong>in</strong>ciples, plac<strong>in</strong>g producti<strong>on</strong> relati<strong>on</strong>s at <strong>the</strong> center <strong>of</strong> distributi<strong>on</strong>al <strong>justice</strong>. He urges<br />
that <strong>justice</strong> be re-handled from <strong>the</strong> Marxist po<strong>in</strong>t <strong>of</strong> view. In a sense, he seeks ways to<br />
develop <strong>justice</strong> from a Marxist perspective <strong>in</strong> terms <strong>of</strong> distributi<strong>on</strong>al pr<strong>in</strong>ciples is<br />
<strong>in</strong>cl<strong>in</strong>ed towards <strong>justice</strong> <strong>the</strong>ory.<br />
The fundamental issues <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Rawlsian <strong>the</strong>ory c<strong>on</strong>stitute Peffer’s emergent<br />
po<strong>in</strong>ts, which are as follows: property which is not nati<strong>on</strong>alized; go<strong>in</strong>g bey<strong>on</strong>d <strong>the</strong><br />
moti<strong>on</strong> laws <strong>of</strong> capitalism and especially maximizati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> change value; bourgeois and<br />
<strong>in</strong>dividualistic assumpti<strong>on</strong>s related to <strong>the</strong> nature <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>dividuals <strong>in</strong> Rawls’s def<strong>in</strong>iti<strong>on</strong><br />
<strong>of</strong> “orig<strong>in</strong>al positi<strong>on</strong>”; <strong>the</strong> defence <strong>of</strong> welfare state capitalism by use <strong>of</strong> <strong>justice</strong> pr<strong>in</strong>ciples<br />
<strong>in</strong> a classed society; <strong>the</strong> aim to implement <strong>the</strong> <strong>justice</strong> pr<strong>in</strong>ciples to s<strong>in</strong>gle societies ra<strong>the</strong>r<br />
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