a critical evaluation on the concept of justice in planning process
a critical evaluation on the concept of justice in planning process
a critical evaluation on the concept of justice in planning process
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c. how <strong>the</strong> procedures are expla<strong>in</strong>ed,<br />
d. what k<strong>in</strong>d <strong>of</strong> tools are used to identify <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>stituti<strong>on</strong>s <strong>in</strong> relati<strong>on</strong> to <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
implementati<strong>on</strong>s and pr<strong>in</strong>ciples.<br />
As a result, <strong>the</strong>re is no c<strong>on</strong>cept <strong>of</strong> <strong>justice</strong> or <strong>the</strong>ory that can be used <strong>in</strong> comm<strong>on</strong>.<br />
Yet, each <strong>justice</strong> c<strong>on</strong>ceptualizati<strong>on</strong> handles and develops an <strong>in</strong>tegrati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> different<br />
producti<strong>on</strong> relati<strong>on</strong>s, and social structure through an assessment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> above parameters<br />
and thus suggests different soluti<strong>on</strong>s. In such a case, <strong>the</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>evaluati<strong>on</strong></str<strong>on</strong>g> is to be d<strong>on</strong>e by<br />
tak<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>to account <strong>the</strong> def<strong>in</strong>iti<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> limitati<strong>on</strong>s and possibilities <strong>of</strong> social<br />
relati<strong>on</strong>ships ra<strong>the</strong>r than <strong>the</strong> superiority <strong>of</strong> <strong>on</strong>e c<strong>on</strong>cept to ano<strong>the</strong>r. In spite <strong>of</strong> this fact, it<br />
is possible to say which <strong>on</strong>e is more implacable <strong>in</strong> our modern life <strong>in</strong>stituti<strong>on</strong>s with<br />
apprais<strong>in</strong>g c<strong>on</strong>cepti<strong>on</strong>al details. So <strong>the</strong>se <strong>the</strong>ories above menti<strong>on</strong>ed will be exam<strong>in</strong>ed.<br />
Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> c<strong>on</strong>tents, aims and approaches <strong>on</strong> which <strong>the</strong>se <strong>justice</strong> <strong>the</strong>ories are<br />
based can be classified under <strong>the</strong> follow<strong>in</strong>g sub-titles.<br />
2.2.1. Justice as Liberty <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Neo-Liberal Approach<br />
In his study which is named as Anarchy, State and Utopia (Anar i, Devlet ve<br />
Ütopya), Nozick, acknowledged as <strong>the</strong> representative <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> neo-liberal approach,<br />
def<strong>in</strong>es <strong>the</strong> “m<strong>in</strong>imal state” as <strong>the</strong> best tool <strong>of</strong> a well-ordered society, bas<strong>in</strong>g his<br />
def<strong>in</strong>iti<strong>on</strong> <strong>on</strong> <strong>in</strong>dividual rights and liberties. Any social sacrifice <strong>in</strong>tended to restrict<br />
liberties and any state that would regulate such a sacrifice would be completely<br />
unacceptable. In parallel to this approach today walfare state is accepted unnecessary,<br />
too. Accord<strong>in</strong>g to Nozick, <strong>in</strong>dividuals <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> “m<strong>in</strong>imal state” are not to be used as tools,<br />
means, materials or sources. He claims that <strong>the</strong>se <strong>in</strong>dividuals, whose rights have not<br />
been violated, are not tools but goals <strong>on</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir own (Nozick, 2000, 414).<br />
Nozick, handles <strong>in</strong>equalities not <strong>in</strong> terms <strong>of</strong> outcomes but with respect to<br />
<strong>process</strong>. In this sense, a regulati<strong>on</strong> that does not violate <strong>in</strong>dividualistic rights and thus<br />
does not render <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>dividual sec<strong>on</strong>dary <strong>in</strong> and for <strong>the</strong> society is <strong>the</strong> most legitimate<br />
structure for a just social order. The “m<strong>in</strong>imal state” will make this structure possible.<br />
Accord<strong>in</strong>gly, <strong>in</strong>dividualistic property rights are just <strong>on</strong>ly if <strong>the</strong>y are obta<strong>in</strong>ed not by<br />
force or trick but h<strong>on</strong>estly and openly. Property rights are to be obta<strong>in</strong>ed through<br />
<strong>in</strong>dividualistic efforts. And <strong>the</strong> ma<strong>in</strong> task <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> m<strong>in</strong>imal state is to prevent <strong>the</strong> violati<strong>on</strong><br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>dividualistic rights. Nozick assumes that social regulati<strong>on</strong> d<strong>on</strong>e by plac<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong><br />
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