a critical evaluation on the concept of justice in planning process
a critical evaluation on the concept of justice in planning process
a critical evaluation on the concept of justice in planning process
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similar and replaceable, <strong>the</strong> difference <strong>of</strong> <strong>justice</strong> from law has been ignored. The aspect<br />
<strong>of</strong> law that is different from and more comprehensive than law is <strong>the</strong> fact that it is a<br />
superior aspirati<strong>on</strong>, a fundamental idea show<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> best and most accurate soluti<strong>on</strong> and<br />
a virtue 6 (Aybay&Aybay;2003;70).<br />
A more comprehensive <strong>justice</strong> def<strong>in</strong>iti<strong>on</strong> can be found <strong>in</strong> a Turkish philosophy<br />
dicti<strong>on</strong>ary 7 . In this def<strong>in</strong>iti<strong>on</strong> here <strong>the</strong> law, legal and state dimensi<strong>on</strong>s <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>justice</strong><br />
c<strong>on</strong>cept (that is <strong>the</strong> dimensi<strong>on</strong> related to formal <strong>process</strong>) and also <strong>the</strong> moral and ethic<br />
dimensi<strong>on</strong>s are stressed. While <strong>the</strong> c<strong>on</strong>cept <strong>of</strong> <strong>justice</strong> is syn<strong>on</strong>ymous for <strong>the</strong> terms<br />
equality, right, <strong>in</strong>terest / benefits, freedom/liberty, and ethic, <strong>the</strong>se c<strong>on</strong>cepts are <strong>in</strong> fact<br />
subtitles c<strong>on</strong>cepts referred to <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> explanati<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>justice</strong>.<br />
It is seen that <strong>justice</strong> c<strong>on</strong>cept <strong>in</strong>volves different mean<strong>in</strong>gs and c<strong>on</strong>texts <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
terra<strong>in</strong>s <strong>of</strong> religi<strong>on</strong>, law, legislati<strong>on</strong>, <strong>in</strong>dividual thought and behaviors 8 . The<br />
classificati<strong>on</strong>s <strong>of</strong> <strong>justice</strong> types vary accord<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> terra<strong>in</strong> it is used <strong>in</strong> 9 . In <strong>the</strong>se<br />
various classificati<strong>on</strong>s it is not always possible to come to an agreement <strong>on</strong> what <strong>justice</strong><br />
is, and how it is to be def<strong>in</strong>ed. Various def<strong>in</strong>iti<strong>on</strong>s <strong>of</strong> <strong>justice</strong> and different <strong>the</strong>oretical<br />
frames also po<strong>in</strong>t at this.<br />
Except for <strong>the</strong> differences <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>oretical and def<strong>in</strong>iti<strong>on</strong>al efforts, <strong>the</strong>re arise many<br />
different views about what sort <strong>of</strong> behaviors will be more just. Differences also occur <strong>in</strong><br />
practice. These variati<strong>on</strong>s <strong>in</strong> views can be expla<strong>in</strong>ed by <strong>the</strong> tendency <strong>of</strong> <strong>justice</strong> to obta<strong>in</strong><br />
different c<strong>on</strong>texts accord<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> feel<strong>in</strong>gs, visi<strong>on</strong>, <strong>in</strong>tuiti<strong>on</strong> and cultural ec<strong>on</strong>omic and<br />
social c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pers<strong>on</strong>. The reas<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> chang<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>justice</strong> def<strong>in</strong>iti<strong>on</strong>s and<br />
6 Aybay&Aybay declares that depart<strong>in</strong>g from virtue and <strong>justice</strong> will turn <strong>the</strong> law <strong>in</strong>to a mechanical tool.<br />
Therefore, <strong>the</strong>y reveal that just because <strong>of</strong> this reas<strong>on</strong> law put <strong>the</strong> c<strong>on</strong>cept <strong>of</strong> <strong>justice</strong> <strong>in</strong>to its centre as <strong>the</strong><br />
highest value that should be realized (Aybay&Aybay; 2003; p.70).<br />
7 “It is <strong>the</strong> state <strong>of</strong> putt<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> values, pr<strong>in</strong>ciples, ideals and values <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong> social life as materials and <strong>in</strong> a<br />
c<strong>on</strong>crete form. It is <strong>the</strong> state <strong>of</strong> everybody c<strong>on</strong>fr<strong>on</strong>t<strong>in</strong>g with <strong>the</strong> reward or with <strong>the</strong> punishment <strong>the</strong>y<br />
deserve. Justice appears <strong>in</strong> fr<strong>on</strong>t <strong>of</strong> us as a thought exam<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g and criticiz<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> human behaviour from<br />
<strong>the</strong> viewpo<strong>in</strong>t <strong>of</strong> ethics, as an ethic pr<strong>in</strong>ciple bas<strong>in</strong>g <strong>on</strong> respect to <strong>justice</strong> and right, and as right, h<strong>on</strong>esty,<br />
neutrality and as an expressi<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> highest, objective and absolute value. With<strong>in</strong> this frame, <strong>justice</strong> is<br />
understand as <strong>the</strong> state and c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong> where a harm<strong>on</strong>y occurs between <strong>the</strong> rights <strong>of</strong> a pers<strong>on</strong> and rights <strong>of</strong><br />
o<strong>the</strong>rs (society'’, public'’, government'’ or <strong>in</strong>dividual'’) is <strong>the</strong> state <strong>of</strong> be<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> appropriate with <strong>the</strong> rights<br />
and laws and is a c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong> where <strong>the</strong> state should form a balance <strong>in</strong> appropriate with rights <strong>of</strong> different,<br />
even oppos<strong>in</strong>g groups (Cevizci, 1996; p.11). In ano<strong>the</strong>r def<strong>in</strong>iti<strong>on</strong> tüze is def<strong>in</strong>ed as “<strong>the</strong> protecti<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
right, <strong>the</strong> good and <strong>the</strong> just” (Hançerlio lu, 1982; p.423).<br />
8 Çeçen (1993) The aim <strong>of</strong> Çeçen’s work named as “C<strong>on</strong>cept <strong>of</strong> Justice”(Adalet Kavramı) is determ<strong>in</strong>ed<br />
as <strong>the</strong> display <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> relativity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> c<strong>on</strong>cept. For this purpose, a very detailed work is d<strong>on</strong>e about <strong>the</strong> law<br />
and <strong>justice</strong> relati<strong>on</strong>, pluralism <strong>of</strong> <strong>justice</strong> c<strong>on</strong>cepts and various def<strong>in</strong>iti<strong>on</strong>s which <strong>justice</strong> c<strong>on</strong>cept <strong>in</strong>volves.<br />
9 Justice typologies emphasized <strong>on</strong> different terra<strong>in</strong> and priority are as follow; regulatory, distributi<strong>on</strong>al<br />
(Akta , S.; 2001;pp.:187-191) or “improv<strong>in</strong>g”, “retorti<strong>on</strong>ary” <strong>justice</strong> (Cevizci, A.;1996; pp.: 11;121;132;<br />
261;367) .<br />
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