a critical evaluation on the concept of justice in planning process
a critical evaluation on the concept of justice in planning process
a critical evaluation on the concept of justice in planning process
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and <strong>the</strong> problem has come to an end. On <strong>the</strong> c<strong>on</strong>trary this problem still c<strong>on</strong>t<strong>in</strong>ues 57 . It is<br />
a matter to be discussed what <strong>the</strong> right to live <strong>in</strong> a healthy envir<strong>on</strong>ment means for <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>on</strong>es who cannot have this opportunity.<br />
Because <strong>the</strong>se amnesty laws generally do not have <strong>the</strong> quality to br<strong>in</strong>g soluti<strong>on</strong><br />
to <strong>the</strong> hous<strong>in</strong>g problem <strong>of</strong> low-<strong>in</strong>come groups, c<strong>on</strong>sider <strong>the</strong> problem <strong>on</strong>ly from spatial<br />
viewpo<strong>in</strong>t and no <strong>in</strong>tegral <str<strong>on</strong>g>evaluati<strong>on</strong></str<strong>on</strong>g> is d<strong>on</strong>e about hous<strong>in</strong>g policies, gecek<strong>on</strong>du<br />
problem as a social, ec<strong>on</strong>omic and physical shelter<strong>in</strong>g for low <strong>in</strong>come groups has not<br />
yet solved. Likewise after Development amnesties after 1980 <strong>in</strong> Izmir, <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> studies<br />
about gecek<strong>on</strong>du problem it is seen that citizens who cannot meet <strong>the</strong>ir hous<strong>in</strong>g needs <strong>in</strong><br />
market c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong>s c<strong>on</strong>t<strong>in</strong>ued to form new gecek<strong>on</strong>du areas as a soluti<strong>on</strong> to this problem.<br />
Exist<strong>in</strong>g gecek<strong>on</strong>du areas <strong>in</strong> urban space were ei<strong>the</strong>r accepted as n<strong>on</strong>-exist<strong>in</strong>g and<br />
standart implementati<strong>on</strong> plans were made by <strong>the</strong> municipalities or <strong>the</strong>y were organized<br />
as pr<strong>of</strong>it tools for different social groups by <strong>the</strong> municipalities.<br />
When Izmir sample is exam<strong>in</strong>ed it is seen that slum reclamati<strong>on</strong> plans were not<br />
soluti<strong>on</strong>s for gecek<strong>on</strong>du problems. Now <strong>on</strong> <strong>the</strong> agenda <strong>of</strong> cities “gecek<strong>on</strong>du<br />
improvement” attempts with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> c<strong>on</strong>tent <strong>of</strong> “urban renewal” projects take place.<br />
Urban land tak<strong>in</strong>g its place <strong>in</strong> capital accumulati<strong>on</strong> <strong>process</strong> and streng<strong>the</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong><br />
house/land market results deserti<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>process</strong> <strong>of</strong> shar<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>its to <strong>the</strong> market<br />
mechanisms. In this <strong>process</strong> <strong>the</strong> shelter<strong>in</strong>g needs <strong>of</strong> low-<strong>in</strong>come groups and poor<br />
citizens can not be met. In this c<strong>on</strong>tent, low-<strong>in</strong>come city dwellers who cannot realize <strong>the</strong><br />
right to live <strong>in</strong> a healthy envir<strong>on</strong>ment and right to own a house have <strong>the</strong> property <strong>of</strong><br />
be<strong>in</strong>g illegal but also be<strong>in</strong>g legitimate.<br />
3.5. Hous<strong>in</strong>g and Shelter<strong>in</strong>g; Right to Live <strong>in</strong> a Healthy Envir<strong>on</strong>ment<br />
and Results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Arrangements<br />
In formal <strong>justice</strong> arguments, <strong>in</strong> a general <str<strong>on</strong>g>evaluati<strong>on</strong></str<strong>on</strong>g> d<strong>on</strong>e about <strong>the</strong> city and<br />
c<strong>on</strong>cept <strong>of</strong> urban plann<strong>in</strong>g discipl<strong>in</strong>e, firstly <strong>the</strong> legal-adm<strong>in</strong>istrative arrangements and<br />
practices formed with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> frame <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> C<strong>on</strong>stituti<strong>on</strong> have to be discussed. Therefore,<br />
firstly a general <str<strong>on</strong>g>evaluati<strong>on</strong></str<strong>on</strong>g> about hous<strong>in</strong>g and ownership which take place am<strong>on</strong>g <strong>the</strong><br />
57 Unf<strong>in</strong>ished report study<strong>in</strong>g gecek<strong>on</strong>du formati<strong>on</strong> <strong>process</strong>es after <strong>the</strong> Development Amnesties <strong>in</strong> sample<br />
<strong>of</strong> Izmir is a detailed study <strong>on</strong> this subject. “Gecek<strong>on</strong>du Areas <strong>in</strong> Izmir After <strong>the</strong> C<strong>on</strong>structi<strong>on</strong> Amnesty<br />
Acts: Socio-ec<strong>on</strong>omic, spatial analysis” research f<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>gs supported by Tübitak.<br />
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