the production of thymoquinone from thymol and carvacrol

TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... ix
LIST OF TABLES........................................................................................................... xi
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 1
CHAPTER 2. CATALYSTS AND ZEOLITE PROPERTIES ........................................ 3
2.1. Definition of Catalyst and Zeolite .......................................................... 3
2.2. Zeolite as Heterogeneous Catalyst.......................................................... 4
2.3. Structural Features of Zeolite ................................................................. 4
2.4. Properties of Zeolite................................................................................ 6
2.5. Design of Stable Heterogeneous Catalysts ............................................. 7
CHAPTER 3. TRANSITION METALS AND COORDINATION CHEMISTRY....... 10
3.1. Definition and Physical Properties of Transition Metals...................... 10
3.2. Electronic Configuration....................................................................... 11
3.3. Oxidation State and Coordination Number .......................................... 13
3.3.1. Oxidation State ............................................................................... 14
3.3.2. Coordination Number ..................................................................... 15
3.4. Types of Ligands .................................................................................. 15
CHAPTER 4. DESIGN OF INTRAZEOLITE COMPLEXES ...................................... 19
4.1. Flexible Ligand (FL) Method ............................................................... 19
4.2. Ligand Synthesis (LS) Method ............................................................. 21
4.3. Zeolite Synthesis (ZS) Method ............................................................. 21
CHAPTER 5. OXIDATION OF MONOTERPENES.................................................... 24
5.1. Definition of Monoterpene ................................................................... 24
5.2. Chemical Composition of Essential Oils.............................................. 25
5.3. Oxidation of Monoterpenes .................................................................. 26
vi