changes in protein profiles in bortezomib applied multiple myeloma ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

3.2.9.1. Isoelectric Focusing (IEF) ................................................ 58 3.2.9.2. SDS-PAGE ....................................................................... 61 3.2.9.3. Staining of the Gel ............................................................ 63 3.2.9.4. Image and Data Analysis of Gel ....................................... 64 3.2.9.5. In-Gel Digestion ............................................................... 64 3.2.9.6. ZipTip ............................................................................... 67 3.2.9.7. Protein Identification and Mass Spectrometric Analysis .. 67 CHAPTER 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .............................................................. 68 4.1. Cytotoxic Effects of Bortezomib on MM U-266 Cells ...................... 68 4.2. Changes in Caspase-3 Enzyme Activity and Loss of Mithocondrial Membrane Potantial (MMP)............................................................... 69 4.3. Two-Dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Results........ 70 CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSIONS ..................................................................................... 87 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................... 89 APPENDICES APPENDIX A. MEDIAS ............................................................................................. 102 APPENDIX B. CHEMICALS, REAGENTS AND SOLUTIONS .............................. 103 viii
LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page Figure 1.1. Loss of Normal Growth Control .................................................................. 3 Figure 1.2. Development of Cancer ................................................................................ 4 Figure 1.3. The Activation and Differentiation of B Cell ............................................... 5 Figure 1.4. Function of the Plasma Cells ........................................................................ 6 Figure 1.5. Molecular Structure of Immunoglobulin ...................................................... 7 Figure 1.6. Tumor-micro environmental Interactions in MM ...................................... 12 Figure 1.7. Structure of Bortezomib ............................................................................. 19 Figure 1.8. Scheme of the 26S Proteasome .................................................................. 20 Figure 1.9. Cross Section of β Ring .............................................................................. 21 Figure 1.10. Ubiquitin–Proteasome Pathway (UPP) ...................................................... 22 Figure 1.11. The inhibition of NF-κB activation. ........................................................... 23 Figure 1.12. Effect of Bortezomib on Various Growth and Survival Pathways in MM 24 Figure 2.1. Biochemical Interactions Between Genomics and Proteomics .................. 25 Figure 2.2. Schematic of workflow involved in a proteomics experiment, Bio-rad. .... 26 Figure 2.3. Reaction of polyacrylamide gel formation ................................................. 31 Figure 2.4. Schematic Representation of 2D PAGE ..................................................... 33 Figure 2.5. Schematic Representation of In-Gel Digestion .......................................... 36 Figure 2.6. Basic Components of a Mass Spectrometer, Premier Biosoft. ................... 37 Figure 2.7. Illustration of the principles behind MALDI ............................................. 40 Figure 2.8. Schematic representation of Reflectron Time-of-Flight Mass Analyzer ... 41 Figure 2.9. A MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometer .......................................................... 42 Figure 2.10. A Mass Spectrometer (Representation of the most suitable source-analyzer-dedector combination) .................................................... 42 Figure 3.1. The Dosage of Bortezomib (nM) Applied on MM U-266 Cells ................. 48 Figure 3.2. Apoptosis: The Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways ........................................ 51 Figure 3.3. Aplied Bortezomib Doses on U-266 Cells for Caspase-3 Enzyme Activity ................................................................. 52 Figure 3.4. Bradford Assay ............................................................................................ 55 Figure 3.5. Aplied Bortezomib Doses on U-266 Cells for Dedection of Loss of MMP .............................................................................. 56 ix
Page 1 and 2: CHANGES IN PROTEIN PROFILES IN BORT
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, with
Page 5 and 6: ÖZET BORTEZOMĠB UYGULANAN MULTĠP
Page 7: 2.1.4.1.2. Two-Dimensional Gel Elec
Page 11 and 12: LIST OF TABLES Table Page Table 1.1
Page 13 and 14: When normal cells in the body begin
Page 15 and 16: Figure 1.2. Development of Cancer S
Page 17 and 18: the myeloma cells does not help fig
Page 19 and 20: A rare form of MM called Nonsecreto
Page 21 and 22: 1.2.3. Risk Factors for MM A risk f
Page 23 and 24: of the mineralizations by adjusting
Page 25 and 26: To measure the levels of red cells,
Page 27 and 28: The levels of blood urea nitrogen (
Page 29 and 30: By using the system introduced by D
Page 31 and 32: 1.2.7.2. Biology of The Proteasome
Page 33 and 34: Figure 1.10. Ubiquitin-Proteasome P
Page 35 and 36: Figure 1.12. Effect of Bortezomib o
Page 37 and 38: encompasses the investigation of pr
Page 39 and 40: of modification. Ubiquitin is a sma
Page 41 and 42: the given cells. On the other hand,
Page 43 and 44: is-acrylamide (N,N'-methylene-bisac
Page 45 and 46: 2.1.4.2. Detection of Protein Spots
Page 47 and 48: ange of 600-2500 Da. This is the id
Page 49 and 50: ions resolved by the mass analyzer
Page 51 and 52: 2.1.4.5.2. Mass Analyzers Figure 2.
Page 53 and 54: There is no doubt that different ma
Page 55 and 56: mask low-quantity proteins that may
Page 57 and 58: 3.1. Materials 3.1.1. Medias CHAPTE
Page 59 and 60:
3.2.5. Cell Proliferation Assay Ant
Page 61 and 62:
After 72 hour incubation period at
Page 63 and 64:
eceptors of the Tumor Necrosis Fact
Page 65 and 66:
The preparation of stock BSA Standa
Page 67 and 68:
3.2.6.3. Detection of the Loss of M
Page 69 and 70:
centrifugation, the supernatant was
Page 71 and 72:
selected symmetrically to load the
Page 73 and 74:
approximately 35 ml, the volume of
Page 75 and 76:
After electrophoresis was finished,
Page 77 and 78:
7 Day Two: Reduction, Alkylation, a
Page 79 and 80:
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.
Page 81 and 82:
% Changes in Cytoplasmic/Mitochondr
Page 83 and 84:
Table 4.1. Magnified Segments of Di
Page 85 and 86:
Table 4.1. Magnified Segments of Di
Page 87 and 88:
After labeling, black and red color
Page 89 and 90:
78 7 8 Y2S Y3S Table 4.2. Results o
Page 91 and 92:
80 12 S4Ca Table 4.2. Results of Di
Page 93 and 94:
82 27 Y5S Table 4.2. Results of Dif
Page 95 and 96:
Spot 4, Ubiquitin-conjugating enzym
Page 97 and 98:
is a transcriptional repressor, but
Page 99 and 100:
activity and loss of mitochondrial
Page 101 and 102:
distributed, but correlate with nat
Page 103 and 104:
DeMartino, G. N. and Slaughter, C.
Page 105 and 106:
proteomic analyses of a systematica
Page 107 and 108:
Mahindraa, A., Hideshimab, T. and A
Page 109 and 110:
Richardson, P. G., Hideshima, T. an
Page 111 and 112:
Terpos, E. 2008. Bortezomib Directl
Page 113 and 114:
A.1. RPMI-1640 Growth Medium APPEND
Page 115 and 116:
Table B.1. Chemicals and Reagents U
Page 117 and 118:
B.4.3. Standard Curve for BSA Table
Page 119 and 120:
Urea (8M) 4.8 g CHAPS (%2) 0.2 g DT
Page 121 and 122:
E. F. G. STOCK REAGENT PREPARATION
show all

changes in protein profiles in bortezomib applied multiple myeloma ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?