changes in protein profiles in bortezomib applied multiple myeloma ...

By using the system introduced by Durie and Salmon (Durie and Salmon) in
1975, MM has been divided myeloma into three stages. According to this system, the
risk of MM increases from Stage I to Stage III. Thus, Stage I indicates the smallest
amount of tumor and stage III indicates the largest amount of tumor.
Large amounts of abnormal monoclonal immunoglobulin is an indicator of
many malignant plasma cells and advanced MM.
The amount of calcium in the blood is directly related to bone destruction.
Because, bones normally include lots of calcium. With the bone damage in MM,
calcium in the bones are released into the blood. Multiple areas of bone damage seen on
x-rays indicate an advanced stage of multiple myeloma.
Hemoglobin level is another important factor to stage MM. It is mainly
responsible for carrying oxygen and the substance of red blood cells. In MM, malignant
plasma cells occupy much of the bone marrow, in connection with this, the normal
bone marrow cells have not enough space to produce red blood cells adaquately.
Therefore, low hemoglobin level is equal to advanced MM.
1.2.6.2. The International Staging System
The International Staging System is similar to Durie-Salmon Staging System in
that it also divides MM into three stages. System is based only on the Serum β-2
Microglobulin and Serum Albumin Levels.
Table 1.5. International Staging System in MM
(Source : Greipp et al., 2005)
Stage Criteria
I
II
Serum β-2 Microglobulin Level < 3.5 mg / L,
Serum Albumin ≥ 3.5 g / 100 ml,
Serum β-2 Microglobulin Level < 3.5 mg / L
but
Serum Albumin < 3.5 g / 100 ml
or
3.5 mg / L < Serum β-2 Microglobulin Level < 5.5 mg / L
(with any Serum Albumin level)
III Serum β-2 Microglobulin Level > 5.5 mg / L
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