BIOSORPTION OF Pb2+, Cd2+, & Ni2+ FROM WATERS BY ...

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
Figure 1.1. Biosorption mechanisms........................................................................10
Figure 1.2. Immobilization techniques.....................................................................19
Figure 2.1. The structure of silica gel.......................................................................27
Figure 2.2. The structural unit of agarose.................................................................28
Figure 2.3. Apparatus used in the immobilization of algae into agarose
by interphase technique.......................................................................... 29
Figure 3.1. SEM images of the algae: Dunaliella salina, Oocystis sp.
Porphyridium cruentum, and Scenedesmus protuberans.........................32
Figure 3.2. IR Spectra of Dunaliella salina, Oocystis sp.,
Porphyridium cruentum, Scenedesmus protuberans...............................35
Figure 3.4. TGA decomposition curve of Oocystis sp. .............................................37
Figure 3.5. TGA decomposition curve of Porphyridium cruentum...........................37
Figure 3.6. TGA decomposition curve of Scenedesmus protuberans........................38
Figure 3.7. Effect of solution pH on biosorption of Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Ni 2+ ..................41
Figure 3.8. The speciation diagrams of Pb, Cd, and Ni.............................................42
Figure 3.9. Effect of shaking time on biosorption of Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Ni 2+
by algae .................................................................................................43
Figure 3.10. Effect of initial metal ion concentration on biosorption of
Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Ni 2+ by Dunaliella salina ...........................................44
Figure 3.11. Effect of initial metal ion concentration on biosorption of
Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Ni 2+ by Oocystis sp. ....................................................44
Figure 3.12. Effect of initial metal ion concentration on biosorption of
Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Ni 2+ by Porphyrdium cruentum ...................................45
Figure 3.13. Effect of initial metal ion concentration on biosorption of
Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Ni 2+ by Scenedesmus protuberans ...............................45
Figure 3.14. Effect of biosorbent amount on biosorption of Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Ni 2+
by Dunaliella salina ............................................................................46
Figure 3.15. Effect of biosorbent amount on biosorption of Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Ni 2+
by Oocystis sp. ....................................................................................47
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