BIOSORPTION OF Pb2+, Cd2+, & Ni2+ FROM WATERS BY ...
BIOSORPTION OF Pb2+, Cd2+, & Ni2+ FROM WATERS BY ...
BIOSORPTION OF Pb2+, Cd2+, & Ni2+ FROM WATERS BY ...
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
2.3. Instrumentation and Apparatus.......................................................25<br />
2.4. Biosorption Studies........................................................................25<br />
2.5. Desorption Studies .........................................................................26<br />
2.6. Immobilization Studies ..................................................................27<br />
2.6.1. Immobilization of Biosorbents into Sodium-Silicate...............27<br />
2.6.2. Immobilization of Biosorbents into Agarose........................... 28<br />
2.7. Sorption Isotherm Models ..............................................................29<br />
CHAPTER 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION........................................................32<br />
3.1. Characterization of Biosorbents......................................................32<br />
3.1.1. SEM Results ..........................................................................32<br />
3.1.2. FTIR Results..........................................................................33<br />
3.1.3. Elemental Analysis.................................................................34<br />
3.1.4. Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) .....................................36<br />
3.2. Parameters Affecting Biosorption of Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Ni 2+ ..............38<br />
3.2.1. Effect of Solution pH .............................................................38<br />
3.2.2. Effect of Shaking Time ..........................................................40<br />
3.2.3. Effect of Initial Metal Ion Concentration ................................40<br />
3.2.4. Effect of Biomass Amount .....................................................45<br />
3.3. Desorption Studies for Oocystis sp. and Scenedesmus protuberans. 48<br />
3.4. Competitive Biosorption: Three-Metal Ion System......................... 50<br />
3.5. Successive Loading........................................................................52<br />
3.6. Immobilization Studies ..................................................................55<br />
3.6.1. Immobilization of Oocystis sp. and Scenedesmus protuberans<br />
into Sodium-Silicate.........................................................................56<br />
3.6.2. Immobilization of Oocystis sp. and Scenedesmus protuberans<br />
into Agarose..................................................................................... 57<br />
3.7. Sorption Isotherm Results ..............................................................58<br />
CHAPTER 4. CONCLUSION................................................................................. 76<br />
REFERENCES........................................................................................................ 78<br />
APPENDIX A.........................................................................................................83<br />
viii