BIOSORPTION OF Pb2+, Cd2+, & Ni2+ FROM WATERS BY ...

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Table 3.7. Biosorption data of Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ ,and Ni 2+ by both immobilized with Na-silicate and free algae (10.0 mL solution of 250.0 mg/L metal ion concentration, soltion pH of 6.0, sorption time as 60 min) Sorption (%) Biosorbents Pb Cd Ni Na-silicate 100.0 ± 0.0 33.0 ± 2.0 41.0 ± 2.0 Oocystis sp. 67.6 ± 3.4 29.2 ± 1.7 21.7 ± 3.5 Na-silicate+Oocystis sp. 97.0 ± 3.0 47.0 ± 0.0 43.0 ± 3.0 Scenedesmus protuberans 72.3 ± 1.4 31.3 ± 2.8 15.3 ± 2.8 Na-silicate+Scenedesmus protuberans 98.0 ± 1.0 45.0 ± 1.0 41.0 ± 2.0 3.6.2. Immobilization of Oocystis sp. and Scenedesmus protuberans into Agarose In Table 3.8., the results correspond to the sorption of Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Ni 2+ by both agarose immobilized and free algae. The immobilized Oocystis sp. into agarose appears to not change the sorption ability of Oocystis sp. towards Pb 2+ and Ni 2+ ions so much. However, in the case of Cd 2+ , the sorption by Oocystis sp seems to be affected, and the immobilization has a rising effect on the sorption of Cd 2+ by Oocystis sp.. It has been indicated that agarose immobilized Scenedesmus protuberans shows no change in the sorption of Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ ions. It can be seen that, from Table 3.8, Ni 2+ sorption was not altered so much by the agarose immobilization of Scenedesmus protuberans. Table 3.8. Biosorption data of Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ ,and Ni 2+ by both immobilized with agarose and free algae (10.0 mL solution of 250.0 mg/L metal ion concentration, solution pH of 6.0, sorption time as 60 min) Sorption (%) Biosorbents Pb Cd Ni Agarose 57.0 ± 3.0 26.0 ± 1.0 27.0 ± 0.0 Oocystis sp. 67.6 ± 3.4 29.2 ± 1.7 21.7 ± 3.5 Agarose + Oocystis sp. 62.0 ± 5.0 46.0 ± 2.0 27.0 ± 2.0 Scenedesmus protuberans 72.3 ± 1.4 31.3 ± 2.8 15.3 ± 2.8 Agarose + Scenedesmus protuberans 72.0 ± 4.0 28.0 ± 3.0 28.0 ± 1.0 57
3.7. Sorption Isotherm Results The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models were employed for the investigation of the sorption equilibrium between the metal ion solution and the biomass, in this study. The data obtained from the sorption experiments are used in the linear fits (3.27-3.38.) of the isotherm models. The constants obtained from the linear fits are tabulated in the Table 3.9. with their correlation coefficients, R 2 , and are used for the evaluation of the nonlinear fits (Figure 3.39.-3.42.) of the isotherm models. The nonlinear fits are given with the experimental results to understand the behaviour of the sorption isotherm model with the expermental result. Dunaliella salina has an ability to biosorb Pb 2+ from the aqueous medium, almost totally, so it could not be mentioned about which isotherm model is fitted to the experimental data. The Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm model fits the experimental data for the sorption of Cd 2+ ions that can be seen from the nonlinear fit of the model with the experimental data.The applicability of the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm to the sorption of Ni 2+ ions by Dunaliella salina is supported by the linear (R 2 as 0.9982) and nonlinear fits of the isotherm model. The obtained results demonstrates that the Langmuir isotherm model is able to fit the sorption of Pb 2+ ,Cd 2+ and Ni 2+ by Oocystis sp. with the correlation coefficient, R 2 , as 0.8148, 0.9958, and 0.9365, respectively. These results can also be confirmed by the nonlinear fits of the isotherm. The sorption of Pb 2+ by Porphyridium cruentum follows Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm with the correlation coefficient, R 2 , 0.9960, while that of Cd 2+ , and Ni 2+ by Porphyridium cruentum obeys Langmuir isotherm, with the correlation coefficients, 0.9904 and 0.9836, respectively. It has been observed that the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm is able to fit the experimental data for the sorption of Pb 2+ by Scenedesmus protuberans. According to the data obtained from the sorption of Cd 2+ and Ni 2+ by Scenedesmus protuberans, the Langmuir isotherm correlates with the experimental results. 58
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BIOSORPTION OF AQUEOUS Pb 2+ , Cd 2
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ABSTRACT BIOSORPTION OF AQUEOUS Pb
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Anyone who has never made a mistake
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2.3. Instrumentation and Apparatus.
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Figure 3.16. Effect of biosorbent a
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LIST OF TABLES Table Page Table 1.1
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· or the change of active conforma
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possible kidney disease is as a res
Page 17 and 18: 1.3.1. Heavy Metal Determination Te
Page 19 and 20: leads to develop an economical and
Page 21 and 22: cell metabolism. From the other poi
Page 23 and 24: 3. The metal removal is influenced
Page 25 and 26: 1.5. Algae Living or dead algal cel
Page 27 and 28: 1.5.1. Dunaliella salina Dunaliella
Page 29 and 30: Scenedesmus exists comonly in the p
Page 31 and 32: 1.6.1.2. Entrapment in Polymeric Ma
Page 33 and 34: 2.1. Preparation of Biosorbents CHA
Page 35 and 36: 24 Table 2.1. The properties of che
Page 37 and 38: temperature, and successive loading
Page 39 and 40: 2.6.2. Immobilization of Biosorbent
Page 41 and 42: where ce is the equilibirium concen
Page 43 and 44: CHAPTER 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.
Page 45 and 46: Table 3.1. IR stretching frequencie
Page 47 and 48: Table 3.2. Elemental composition of
Page 49 and 50: Figure 3.6. TGA decomposition curve
Page 51 and 52: the underlying mechanism of sorptio
Page 53 and 54: Concentration (x10 -5 Concentration
Page 55 and 56: Sorption (%) 100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0 2
Page 57 and 58: such as 10.0, 20.0, 50.0, 100.0, an
Page 61 and 62: Desorption (%) Desorption (%) 100.0
Page 63 and 64: Table 3.6. Competitive biosorption
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Page 71 and 72: 1/q e 1/q e 1/q e 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.
Page 73 and 74: 1/q e 1/q e 1/q e 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.
Page 75 and 76: logq e logq e logq e -7.00 -6.00 -5
Page 77 and 78: logq e logq e logq e -7.00 -6.00 -5
Page 79 and 80: lnq e lnq e lnq e 0.00 0.00E+00 -2.
Page 81 and 82: lnq e lnq e lnq e 0.00 0.00E+00 -2.
Page 83 and 84: qe (x10-3 qe (x10 mol/g) -3mol/g) q
Page 85 and 86: qe (x10-3 qe (x10 mol/L) -3mol/L) q
Page 87 and 88: CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSION It has been sh
Page 89 and 90: REFERENCES Agency for Toxic Substan
Page 91 and 92: López A., N. Lázaro, A.M. Marqué
Page 93 and 94: Volesky B. 2007. Biosorption and me
Page 95: BBM KOH Solution Contents Concentra
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