BIOSORPTION OF Pb2+, Cd2+, & Ni2+ FROM WATERS BY ...
BIOSORPTION OF Pb2+, Cd2+, & Ni2+ FROM WATERS BY ...
BIOSORPTION OF Pb2+, Cd2+, & Ni2+ FROM WATERS BY ...
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Table 3.1. IR stretching frequencies for seaweeds and the algae used in this study<br />
Assignment Seaweeds (a-f) Dunaliella<br />
salina<br />
·Bonded –OH, –NH stretching (a)<br />
Wavenumber (cm -1 )<br />
Oocystis<br />
sp.<br />
Porphyridium<br />
cruentum<br />
Scenedesmus<br />
protuberans<br />
3280 3280 3280 3320 3279<br />
·Asymmetric stretching of<br />
aliphatic chains (–CH) (b) 2920 2921 2922 2925 2920<br />
·Symmetric stretching of<br />
aliphatic chains (–CH) (b) 2854 ― 2852 ― 2851<br />
·C=O stretching of COOH (c)<br />
·Asymmetric C=O (c)<br />
1740 ― ― ― ―<br />
1630 1652 1642 1638 1647<br />
·Amide II (a) C–N stretching 1530 1545 1544 1542 1542<br />
·Symmetric C=O (c)<br />
·Asymmetric –SO3 stretching (d)<br />
1450 1462 1453 1420 1452<br />
1371 1374 ― ― ―<br />
·C–O stretching of COOH (c) ,<br />
·Phosphate esters (e) 1237 1262 1243 ― 1242<br />
·Symmetric –SO3 stretching (d) ,<br />
·P=O stretching (aliphatic) (e) 1160 ― 1150 ― 1150<br />
·C–O (ether) (a) , ·Amine (C–N) (f) ,<br />
·S-O (sulfoxides) (e) ,<br />
1117 1075 ― 1076 ―<br />
·C–O (alcohol) (a) ,<br />
·P-O-C (aliphatic) (e) 1033 1020 1019 1032 1022<br />
·S=O stretching (d)<br />
(a) Sheng, et al. 2004<br />
(b) Pons, et al. 2004<br />
(c) Fourest and Volesky 1996<br />
(d) Figuera, et al. 1999<br />
(e) Silverstein and Webster 1997<br />
(f) Solomons and Fryhle 1998<br />
3.1.3. Elemental Analysis<br />
817 850 ― ― ―<br />
The elemental compositions of the algae used in this study are given in Table<br />
3.2. Dunaliella salina, Oocystis sp. and Scenedesmus protuberans have higher carbon<br />
percentages as 40.19%, 47.66%, and 47.52%, respectively. Dunaliella salina has the<br />
highest nitrogen content among all. When compared with the other biosorbents a<br />
higher sulphur percentage (1.57%) is found in Porphyridium cruentum which is due<br />
to the presence of sulphated polysaccharides in the biosorbent structure.<br />
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