BIOSORPTION OF Pb2+, Cd2+, & Ni2+ FROM WATERS BY ...
BIOSORPTION OF Pb2+, Cd2+, & Ni2+ FROM WATERS BY ...
BIOSORPTION OF Pb2+, Cd2+, & Ni2+ FROM WATERS BY ...
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2.1. Preparation of Biosorbents<br />
CHAPTER 2<br />
EXPERIMENTAL<br />
All algae used in this study were obtained from Microalga Culture Collection,<br />
Ege University (EGE-MACC). After growth period, the algal cultures were harvested<br />
and filtered through Whatman No:1 filter paper. Then, they were washed with<br />
deionized water to be made free from the ions of their growing media. The growing<br />
media and their contents used in this study are given in Appendix A. The cultures<br />
were kept at -24ºC and lyophilized with Christ alpha 1-4 Ld freeze dryer. Lyophilized<br />
biomass was powdered and kept in the refrigerator (4ºC) before being used in the<br />
related experiments.<br />
2.2. Chemicals and Reagents<br />
All reagents were of analytical grade. Ultra pure water (18MΩ) was used<br />
throughout the study. Glassware and plasticware were cleaned by soaking in 10%<br />
(v/v) nitric acid and rinsed with distilled water prior to use. The chemicals and the<br />
reagents used were tabulated in Table 2.1 and prepared as follows;<br />
1. Standard Pb 2+ stock solution (4000 mg/L): Prepared by dissolving 1.599 g<br />
of Pb(NO3)2 (Riedel-de Haën, 99%) in ultra pure water and diluting to<br />
250.0 mL. This solution also contains 0.14 M HNO3 (Merck).<br />
2. Standard Cd 2+ stock solution (4000 mg/L): Prepared by dissolving 1.630 g<br />
of CdCI2 (Fluka, >99%) in ultra pure water and diluting to 250.0 mL. This<br />
solution also contains 0.14 M HNO3 (Merck).<br />
3. Standard Ni 2+ stock solution (4000 mg/L): Prepared by dissolving 3.539 g<br />
of NiCI2.6H2O (Carlo Erba, 99%) in ultra pure water and diluting to 250.0<br />
mL. This solution also contains 0.14 M HNO3 (Merck).<br />
4. Calibration standards: Lower concentration standards were prepared daily<br />
from standard stock solutions.<br />
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