BIOSORPTION OF Pb2+, Cd2+, & Ni2+ FROM WATERS BY ...

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Moreover, there is an additional objective of this study is to perform the experiments with immobilized biosorbents on different suitable matrices like Na- silicate and agarose. 21
2.1. Preparation of Biosorbents CHAPTER 2 EXPERIMENTAL All algae used in this study were obtained from Microalga Culture Collection, Ege University (EGE-MACC). After growth period, the algal cultures were harvested and filtered through Whatman No:1 filter paper. Then, they were washed with deionized water to be made free from the ions of their growing media. The growing media and their contents used in this study are given in Appendix A. The cultures were kept at -24ºC and lyophilized with Christ alpha 1-4 Ld freeze dryer. Lyophilized biomass was powdered and kept in the refrigerator (4ºC) before being used in the related experiments. 2.2. Chemicals and Reagents All reagents were of analytical grade. Ultra pure water (18MΩ) was used throughout the study. Glassware and plasticware were cleaned by soaking in 10% (v/v) nitric acid and rinsed with distilled water prior to use. The chemicals and the reagents used were tabulated in Table 2.1 and prepared as follows; 1. Standard Pb 2+ stock solution (4000 mg/L): Prepared by dissolving 1.599 g of Pb(NO3)2 (Riedel-de Haën, 99%) in ultra pure water and diluting to 250.0 mL. This solution also contains 0.14 M HNO3 (Merck). 2. Standard Cd 2+ stock solution (4000 mg/L): Prepared by dissolving 1.630 g of CdCI2 (Fluka, >99%) in ultra pure water and diluting to 250.0 mL. This solution also contains 0.14 M HNO3 (Merck). 3. Standard Ni 2+ stock solution (4000 mg/L): Prepared by dissolving 3.539 g of NiCI2.6H2O (Carlo Erba, 99%) in ultra pure water and diluting to 250.0 mL. This solution also contains 0.14 M HNO3 (Merck). 4. Calibration standards: Lower concentration standards were prepared daily from standard stock solutions. 22
Page 1 and 2: BIOSORPTION OF AQUEOUS Pb 2+ , Cd 2
Page 3 and 4: ABSTRACT BIOSORPTION OF AQUEOUS Pb
Page 5 and 6: Anyone who has never made a mistake
Page 7 and 8: 2.3. Instrumentation and Apparatus.
Page 9 and 10: Figure 3.16. Effect of biosorbent a
Page 11 and 12: LIST OF TABLES Table Page Table 1.1
Page 13 and 14: · or the change of active conforma
Page 15 and 16: possible kidney disease is as a res
Page 17 and 18: 1.3.1. Heavy Metal Determination Te
Page 19 and 20: leads to develop an economical and
Page 21 and 22: cell metabolism. From the other poi
Page 23 and 24: 3. The metal removal is influenced
Page 25 and 26: 1.5. Algae Living or dead algal cel
Page 27 and 28: 1.5.1. Dunaliella salina Dunaliella
Page 29 and 30: Scenedesmus exists comonly in the p
Page 31: 1.6.1.2. Entrapment in Polymeric Ma
Page 35 and 36: 24 Table 2.1. The properties of che
Page 37 and 38: temperature, and successive loading
Page 39 and 40: 2.6.2. Immobilization of Biosorbent
Page 41 and 42: where ce is the equilibirium concen
Page 43 and 44: CHAPTER 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.
Page 45 and 46: Table 3.1. IR stretching frequencie
Page 47 and 48: Table 3.2. Elemental composition of
Page 49 and 50: Figure 3.6. TGA decomposition curve
Page 51 and 52: the underlying mechanism of sorptio
Page 53 and 54: Concentration (x10 -5 Concentration
Page 55 and 56: Sorption (%) 100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0 2
Page 57 and 58: such as 10.0, 20.0, 50.0, 100.0, an
Page 61 and 62: Desorption (%) Desorption (%) 100.0
Page 63 and 64: Table 3.6. Competitive biosorption
Page 67 and 68: 3.6.1. Immobilization of Oocystis s
Page 69 and 70: 3.7. Sorption Isotherm Results The
Page 71 and 72: 1/q e 1/q e 1/q e 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.
Page 73 and 74: 1/q e 1/q e 1/q e 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.
Page 75 and 76: logq e logq e logq e -7.00 -6.00 -5
Page 77 and 78: logq e logq e logq e -7.00 -6.00 -5
Page 79 and 80: lnq e lnq e lnq e 0.00 0.00E+00 -2.
Page 81 and 82: lnq e lnq e lnq e 0.00 0.00E+00 -2.
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qe (x10-3 qe (x10 mol/g) -3mol/g) q
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qe (x10-3 qe (x10 mol/L) -3mol/L) q
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CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSION It has been sh
Page 89 and 90:
REFERENCES Agency for Toxic Substan
Page 91 and 92:
López A., N. Lázaro, A.M. Marqué
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Volesky B. 2007. Biosorption and me
Page 95:
BBM KOH Solution Contents Concentra
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