BIOSORPTION OF Pb2+, Cd2+, & Ni2+ FROM WATERS BY ...

possible kidney disease is as a result of long-term exposure to lower levels of
cadmium in air, food, or water.
The EPA has set a limit of 5 parts of cadmium per billion parts of drinking
water (5μg/L) and doesn't allow cadmium in pesticides (Environmental Protection
Agency 2008).
1.2.3. Nickel
Nickel, is a naturally occurring element that is a hard silvery-white metal and
it inerts to oxidation. Nickel is found in soils, meteorities and on the ocean floor and
volcanoes emit nickel.In stainless stell and other metal alloys, pure nickel is used.
Comibination of nickel with other metals, such as iron, copper, chromium, and zinc is
done to form alloys. In the production of coins, jewelry, and items such as valves and
heat exchangers, these alloys are used. Nickel containing compound are formed with
elements such as chlorine, sulfur, and oxygen. Great number of nickel compounds
have a fairly solubility in water and they have green colour, but they do have netiher
taste nor characteristics odour. In the nickel plating, nickel compound are used to
colour ceramics, to make some batteries. Nickel compounds are also used as catalyts.
Release of nickel occurs by industries which uses nickel, its alloys and its
compounds. Another road of release is by oil-burning power plants, coal-burning
power plants .The small particles of dust induce the settle of nickel in the air to the
ground or by the aid of rain or snow it binds the soils strongly, in many days. Nickel
that is released by industrial waste water winds up in soil or sediment where it is
strongly bound to particles including iron or manganese. Accumulation of nickel in
animals e.g. fish that is used for food purposes does not seem to happen.
There are lots of exposure roads for nickel to human body which include
eating food containing nickel, sking contact with soil, bath or shower water, or nickel
containing metals likewise coins handling or touching jewelry. In addition to these, it
is exposed by drinking water having lower levels of nickel, breathing air or smoking
tobacco containing nickel. People work in ındustries producing or processing nickel
have a greater exposure of nickel.
An allergetic reaction can happen in humans is the major outcome of nickel
which affects people health harmfully. From the side of the contact, a skin rash can
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