BIOSORPTION OF Pb2+, Cd2+, & Ni2+ FROM WATERS BY ...

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Figure 3.35. Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm plot for Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Ni 2+ ions biosorbed by Dunaliella salina............................................................67 Figure 3.36. Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm plot for Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Ni 2+ ions biosorbed by Oocystis sp. ....................................................................68 Figure 3.37. Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm plot for Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Ni 2+ ions by biosorbed by Porphyridium cruentum.............................................69 Figure 3.38. Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm plot for Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Ni 2+ ions biosorbed by Scenedesmus protuberans...............................................70 Figure 3.39. Isotherms of Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Ni 2+ ions biosorbed by Dunaliella salina .................................................................................................71 Figure 3.40. Isotherms of Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Ni 2+ ions biosorbed by Oocystis sp..........72 Figure 3.41. Isotherms of Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Ni 2+ ions biosorbed by Porphyridium cruentum. ............................................................................................73 Figure 3.42. Isotherms of Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Ni 2+ ions biosorbed by Scenedesmus protuberans.........................................................................................74 xi
LIST <strong>OF</strong> TABLES Table Page Table 1.1. Ranking of metal interest priorities ...........................................................8 Table 1.2. Major binding groups for biosorption......................................................13 Table 1.3. Gross chemical composition of human food sources and different algae .......................................................................................................15 Table 2.1. The properties of chemicals and reagents. ...............................................25 Table 3.1. IR stretching frequencies for seaweeds and the algae used in this study... 34 Table 3.2. Elemental composition of biosorbents in terms of C, H, N, and S............36 Table 3.3. Competitive biosorption of Pb 2+ + Cd 2+ + Ni 2+ by Dunaliella salina .......51 Table 3.4. Competitive biosorption of Pb 2+ + Cd 2+ + Ni 2+ by Oocystis sp. ...............51 Table 3.5. Competitive biosorption of Pb 2+ + Cd 2+ + Ni 2+ by Porphyridium cruentum.................................................................................................51 Table 3.6. Competitive biosorption of Pb 2+ + Cd 2+ + Ni 2+ by Scenedesmus protuberans ............................................................................................52 Table 3.7. Biosorption data of Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ ,and Ni 2+ by both immobilized with Na-silicate and free algae .......................................................................57 Table 3.8. Biosorption data of Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ ,and Ni 2+ by both immobilized with agarose and free algae.............................................................................57 Table 3.9. Isotherm constants for Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Ni 2+ sorption by algae..................75 xii
Page 1 and 2: BIOSORPTION OF AQUEOUS Pb 2+ , Cd 2
Page 3 and 4: ABSTRACT BIOSORPTION OF AQUEOUS Pb
Page 5 and 6: Anyone who has never made a mistake
Page 7 and 8: 2.3. Instrumentation and Apparatus.
Page 9: Figure 3.16. Effect of biosorbent a
Page 13 and 14: · or the change of active conforma
Page 15 and 16: possible kidney disease is as a res
Page 17 and 18: 1.3.1. Heavy Metal Determination Te
Page 19 and 20: leads to develop an economical and
Page 21 and 22: cell metabolism. From the other poi
Page 23 and 24: 3. The metal removal is influenced
Page 25 and 26: 1.5. Algae Living or dead algal cel
Page 27 and 28: 1.5.1. Dunaliella salina Dunaliella
Page 29 and 30: Scenedesmus exists comonly in the p
Page 31 and 32: 1.6.1.2. Entrapment in Polymeric Ma
Page 33 and 34: 2.1. Preparation of Biosorbents CHA
Page 35 and 36: 24 Table 2.1. The properties of che
Page 37 and 38: temperature, and successive loading
Page 39 and 40: 2.6.2. Immobilization of Biosorbent
Page 41 and 42: where ce is the equilibirium concen
Page 43 and 44: CHAPTER 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.
Page 45 and 46: Table 3.1. IR stretching frequencie
Page 47 and 48: Table 3.2. Elemental composition of
Page 49 and 50: Figure 3.6. TGA decomposition curve
Page 51 and 52: the underlying mechanism of sorptio
Page 53 and 54: Concentration (x10 -5 Concentration
Page 55 and 56: Sorption (%) 100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0 2
Page 57 and 58: such as 10.0, 20.0, 50.0, 100.0, an
Page 59 and 60: Sorption (%) 100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0 2
Page 61 and 62:
Desorption (%) Desorption (%) 100.0
Page 63 and 64:
Table 3.6. Competitive biosorption
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Sorption (%) 100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0 2
Page 67 and 68:
3.6.1. Immobilization of Oocystis s
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3.7. Sorption Isotherm Results The
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1/q e 1/q e 1/q e 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.
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1/q e 1/q e 1/q e 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.
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logq e logq e logq e -7.00 -6.00 -5
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logq e logq e logq e -7.00 -6.00 -5
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lnq e lnq e lnq e 0.00 0.00E+00 -2.
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lnq e lnq e lnq e 0.00 0.00E+00 -2.
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qe (x10-3 qe (x10 mol/g) -3mol/g) q
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qe (x10-3 qe (x10 mol/L) -3mol/L) q
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CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSION It has been sh
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REFERENCES Agency for Toxic Substan
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López A., N. Lázaro, A.M. Marqué
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Volesky B. 2007. Biosorption and me
Page 95:
BBM KOH Solution Contents Concentra
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BIOSORPTION OF Pb2+, Cd2+, & Ni2+ FROM WATERS BY ...

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