Lesson #63 Global Terrorism
Lesson #63 Global Terrorism
Lesson #63 Global Terrorism
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Traditional Motives:<br />
<strong>Global</strong> <strong>Terrorism</strong><br />
• Gain Independence or Political Freedom<br />
• Expel Foreigners or their influences<br />
• Cause Change in Society<br />
• Preserve Religious or Cultural Beliefs<br />
Primary Goal: • Destruction of what they consider to be an Evil Force<br />
Popular Methods:<br />
Traditional Targets:<br />
Recent Developments:<br />
• Acts of Extreme Violence<br />
High Jacking and Kidnapping<br />
Bombings & Explosive Devices (IED’s)<br />
• Locations with large gatherings of innocent civilians<br />
Crowded Places (Airports, Malls, Stadiums, etc.)<br />
Government Buildings (Embassies, Courts, etc.)<br />
Religious Sites (Church, Mosque, Synagogue, etc.)<br />
Biological & Chemical terrorism<br />
Cyber-terrorism (Computers & Internet)<br />
Narco-terrorism (Prescription & Illegal Drugs)
<strong>Global</strong> <strong>Terrorism</strong><br />
ORGANIZATIONS INFLUENCED BY ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN CONFLICTS<br />
KEY ISSUE:<br />
HOMELAND FOR THE<br />
PALESTINIANS<br />
1. ISLAMIC JIHAD<br />
2. HAMAS<br />
3. HEZBOLLAH<br />
ORGANIZATION FORMED TO OPPOSE OUTSIDE WESTERN INFLUENCES<br />
AL-QAEDA<br />
KEY LEADER: OSAMA BIN LADEN<br />
EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION INFLUENCED BY<br />
BRITISH CONTROL & RELIGIOUS DIFFERENCE<br />
IRISH REPUBLICAN ARMY (IRA)
<strong>Global</strong> <strong>Terrorism</strong><br />
RELIGIOUS CULT THAT WANTS TO GAIN CONTROL OF JAPAN<br />
AUM SHINRIKYO “SUPREME TRUTH”<br />
LEFT-WING GUERILLA GROUP THAT SUPPORTS NACRO-TERRORISM<br />
REVOLUTIONARY ARMED FORCES OF<br />
COLUMBIA<br />
NON-TERRORIST POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS<br />
CONNECTED TO TERRORISM<br />
PLO<br />
TALIBAN
<strong>Global</strong> <strong>Terrorism</strong>:<br />
Munich (1972)<br />
Summer Olympics<br />
• “Black September”<br />
• Palestinian Liberation<br />
Front (PLF of the PLO)<br />
• 11 Members of the Israeli Olympic team taken hostage<br />
• Terrorists demand release of political prisoners in Israel<br />
• Terrorists demand recognition of Palestine as free state<br />
• Terrorists demand helicopters to transport hostages<br />
• Gun battle ensues at Munich Airport<br />
• 5 Terrorists and all 11 hostages are killed in firefight
<strong>Global</strong> <strong>Terrorism</strong>:<br />
Pan-American Flights (1970’s & 1980’s)<br />
• Dec 17, 1973: Pan-Am Flight 110 is attacked by Palestinian Terrorists in Rome (PLO)<br />
• Terrorists fired automatic weapons & threw hand grenades while approaching the plane<br />
• 29 Passengers died (All 11 in First Class, 4 Moroccan Delegates, and the Captain’s Wife)<br />
• Dec 21, 1988: Pan-Am Flight 103 is blown up over<br />
Lockerbie, Scotland<br />
• 243 Passengers & 16 Crewmembers died in crash<br />
• 11 People on the ground killed by falling debris<br />
• Muammar Gaddafi of Lybia given credit for attack<br />
• Aug 11, 1982: Pan-Am Flight 830 is Bombed over the Pacific<br />
• Bomb placed under seat cushion kills 16 year old teenager<br />
• Plane landed safely in Hawaii (15 people seriously injured)<br />
• Bomber belonged to militant “15 May Organization” (PLO)
<strong>Global</strong> <strong>Terrorism</strong>:<br />
Marine Corps Barracks Bombings in Beirut<br />
(23 Oct 1983)<br />
• French Military Barracks (French 1 st Parachute Regiment)<br />
• Both attacked within two minutes of each other<br />
• Suicide bombers were members of the “Islamic Jihad”<br />
• Both attacks used vans filled with 12,000 pounds of TNT<br />
• 241 American Service members died (220 Marines, 18 Navy)<br />
• Largest single day loss of U.S. military personnel since WWII<br />
• 58 French Paratroopers died<br />
• Resulted in withdrawal of UN<br />
Peacekeepers in Lebanon
<strong>Global</strong> <strong>Terrorism</strong>:<br />
Subway Gas Attack in Tokyo (29 Mar 1995)<br />
• Sarin Gas Attack in Subway on<br />
March 20, 1995<br />
• Japan’s “Supreme Truth” Cult<br />
• Determined to eliminate<br />
western (U.S.) influences in<br />
Japan (restore traditional values)<br />
• Sarin Gas (developed by the Nazis) is odorless, colorless, and tasteless<br />
• It Causes heart & respiratory failure, seizures, paralysis, and coma<br />
• Subway ventilation system helped reduce<br />
casualties<br />
• 12 died and about 3,000 were injured<br />
• 135 Medical Personnel were hospitalized<br />
due to a lack of protective equipment
<strong>Global</strong> <strong>Terrorism</strong>:<br />
Federal Building Bombing in Oklahoma City<br />
(19 Apr 1995)<br />
• Timothy McVeigh (Ex-Army)<br />
• Anti-Government Militia<br />
• Filled rental truck with 5,000 lbs<br />
of uranium nitrate (like C4)<br />
• Parked truck in front of building<br />
• Explosion killed 168 and wounded<br />
over 800<br />
• Debris was found throughout city<br />
• Rescue efforts involved volunteers<br />
from ever state in the U.S.<br />
• Child found alive in rubble after<br />
three days
<strong>Global</strong> <strong>Terrorism</strong>:<br />
Khobar Towers Bombing in Saudi Arabia<br />
(25 Jun 1996)<br />
•U.S. Air Force Barracks<br />
• Sewage Truck packed with 20,000 lbs of explosives<br />
• Saudi Hezbollah “Party of God in the Hijaz”<br />
• Force foreign (U.S.) influences out of Arabia<br />
• 19 U.S. Service members killed & 1 Saudi<br />
• 372 people injured (multiple nationalities)<br />
• U.S. Coalition forces were moved to Prince<br />
Sultan Air Base where better security was<br />
available
<strong>Global</strong> <strong>Terrorism</strong>:<br />
U.S. Embassy Bombings in East Africa<br />
(7 Aug 1998)<br />
• Dar es Salaam, Tanzania<br />
and Nairobi, Kenya<br />
• Coordinated attacks using<br />
explosive packed trucks<br />
• Suicide bombers detonated<br />
explosives around 10:30 am<br />
• First attacks attributed to<br />
Osama bin Laden & Al Qaida<br />
• 223 killed & 4,000 wounded<br />
in the combined attacks
<strong>Global</strong> <strong>Terrorism</strong>:<br />
U.S.S. Cole Bombing in the Port of Yemen<br />
(12 Oct 2000)<br />
• Anchored in the port of Yemen at 10:30 am<br />
• Small boat was allowed to approach ship at 11:18 am<br />
• Bomb containing about 700 lbs of explosives<br />
• 40 x 40 foot gash created in the side of the ship<br />
• Blast hit ship’s galley<br />
during lunchtime<br />
• 17 sailors were killed and<br />
39 were seriously injured<br />
• Osama bin Laden (Al Qaida)
<strong>Global</strong> <strong>Terrorism</strong>:<br />
World Trade Center Bombing in New York<br />
(26 Feb 1993)<br />
• Car containing 1,500 pounds of uranium-<br />
nitrate was parked in underground garage<br />
• Explosion rocked both towers, cut off<br />
emergency power, and sent smoke up<br />
elevator shafts & stairwells to 92 nd floor<br />
• 6 people killed & 1,042 injured<br />
• Osama bin Laden & Al Qaida<br />
• Demanded the end of U.S. aid &<br />
diplomatic relations with Israel
<strong>Global</strong> <strong>Terrorism</strong>:<br />
High-jackings & Attacks (11 Sep 2001)<br />
• Four terrorist cells high-jacked four airliners<br />
American Airlines flight 11 (8:46 in North Tower)<br />
United Airlines flight 175 (9:03 in South Tower)<br />
American Airlines flight 77 (9:37 in the Pentagon)<br />
United Airlines flight 93 (Crashed in Pennsylvaina)<br />
• 19 terrorists and 246 passengers died in the attacks<br />
• 2,606 died in the<br />
area of the Twin<br />
Towers<br />
• 184 died in the<br />
Pentagon<br />
• 403 Rescue<br />
workers died<br />
• Osama & Al Qaida