Lesson #63 Global Terrorism

Traditional Motives:
Global Terrorism
• Gain Independence or Political Freedom
• Expel Foreigners or their influences
• Cause Change in Society
• Preserve Religious or Cultural Beliefs
Primary Goal: • Destruction of what they consider to be an Evil Force
Popular Methods:
Traditional Targets:
Recent Developments:
• Acts of Extreme Violence
High Jacking and Kidnapping
Bombings & Explosive Devices (IED’s)
• Locations with large gatherings of innocent civilians
Crowded Places (Airports, Malls, Stadiums, etc.)
Government Buildings (Embassies, Courts, etc.)
Religious Sites (Church, Mosque, Synagogue, etc.)
Biological & Chemical terrorism
Cyber-terrorism (Computers & Internet)
Narco-terrorism (Prescription & Illegal Drugs)

Global Terrorism
ORGANIZATIONS INFLUENCED BY ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN CONFLICTS
KEY ISSUE:
HOMELAND FOR THE
PALESTINIANS
1. ISLAMIC JIHAD
2. HAMAS
3. HEZBOLLAH
ORGANIZATION FORMED TO OPPOSE OUTSIDE WESTERN INFLUENCES
AL-QAEDA
KEY LEADER: OSAMA BIN LADEN
EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION INFLUENCED BY
BRITISH CONTROL & RELIGIOUS DIFFERENCE
IRISH REPUBLICAN ARMY (IRA)

Global Terrorism
RELIGIOUS CULT THAT WANTS TO GAIN CONTROL OF JAPAN
AUM SHINRIKYO “SUPREME TRUTH”
LEFT-WING GUERILLA GROUP THAT SUPPORTS NACRO-TERRORISM
REVOLUTIONARY ARMED FORCES OF
COLUMBIA
NON-TERRORIST POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS
CONNECTED TO TERRORISM
PLO
TALIBAN

Global Terrorism:
Munich (1972)
Summer Olympics
• “Black September”
• Palestinian Liberation
Front (PLF of the PLO)
• 11 Members of the Israeli Olympic team taken hostage
• Terrorists demand release of political prisoners in Israel
• Terrorists demand recognition of Palestine as free state
• Terrorists demand helicopters to transport hostages
• Gun battle ensues at Munich Airport
• 5 Terrorists and all 11 hostages are killed in firefight

Global Terrorism:
Pan-American Flights (1970’s & 1980’s)
• Dec 17, 1973: Pan-Am Flight 110 is attacked by Palestinian Terrorists in Rome (PLO)
• Terrorists fired automatic weapons & threw hand grenades while approaching the plane
• 29 Passengers died (All 11 in First Class, 4 Moroccan Delegates, and the Captain’s Wife)
• Dec 21, 1988: Pan-Am Flight 103 is blown up over
Lockerbie, Scotland
• 243 Passengers & 16 Crewmembers died in crash
• 11 People on the ground killed by falling debris
• Muammar Gaddafi of Lybia given credit for attack
• Aug 11, 1982: Pan-Am Flight 830 is Bombed over the Pacific
• Bomb placed under seat cushion kills 16 year old teenager
• Plane landed safely in Hawaii (15 people seriously injured)
• Bomber belonged to militant “15 May Organization” (PLO)

Global Terrorism:
Marine Corps Barracks Bombings in Beirut
(23 Oct 1983)
• French Military Barracks (French 1 st Parachute Regiment)
• Both attacked within two minutes of each other
• Suicide bombers were members of the “Islamic Jihad”
• Both attacks used vans filled with 12,000 pounds of TNT
• 241 American Service members died (220 Marines, 18 Navy)
• Largest single day loss of U.S. military personnel since WWII
• 58 French Paratroopers died
• Resulted in withdrawal of UN
Peacekeepers in Lebanon

Global Terrorism:
Subway Gas Attack in Tokyo (29 Mar 1995)
• Sarin Gas Attack in Subway on
March 20, 1995
• Japan’s “Supreme Truth” Cult
• Determined to eliminate
western (U.S.) influences in
Japan (restore traditional values)
• Sarin Gas (developed by the Nazis) is odorless, colorless, and tasteless
• It Causes heart & respiratory failure, seizures, paralysis, and coma
• Subway ventilation system helped reduce
casualties
• 12 died and about 3,000 were injured
• 135 Medical Personnel were hospitalized
due to a lack of protective equipment

Global Terrorism:
Federal Building Bombing in Oklahoma City
(19 Apr 1995)
• Timothy McVeigh (Ex-Army)
• Anti-Government Militia
• Filled rental truck with 5,000 lbs
of uranium nitrate (like C4)
• Parked truck in front of building
• Explosion killed 168 and wounded
over 800
• Debris was found throughout city
• Rescue efforts involved volunteers
from ever state in the U.S.
• Child found alive in rubble after
three days

Global Terrorism:
Khobar Towers Bombing in Saudi Arabia
(25 Jun 1996)
•U.S. Air Force Barracks
• Sewage Truck packed with 20,000 lbs of explosives
• Saudi Hezbollah “Party of God in the Hijaz”
• Force foreign (U.S.) influences out of Arabia
• 19 U.S. Service members killed & 1 Saudi
• 372 people injured (multiple nationalities)
• U.S. Coalition forces were moved to Prince
Sultan Air Base where better security was
available

Global Terrorism:
U.S. Embassy Bombings in East Africa
(7 Aug 1998)
• Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
and Nairobi, Kenya
• Coordinated attacks using
explosive packed trucks
• Suicide bombers detonated
explosives around 10:30 am
• First attacks attributed to
Osama bin Laden & Al Qaida
• 223 killed & 4,000 wounded
in the combined attacks

Global Terrorism:
U.S.S. Cole Bombing in the Port of Yemen
(12 Oct 2000)
• Anchored in the port of Yemen at 10:30 am
• Small boat was allowed to approach ship at 11:18 am
• Bomb containing about 700 lbs of explosives
• 40 x 40 foot gash created in the side of the ship
• Blast hit ship’s galley
during lunchtime
• 17 sailors were killed and
39 were seriously injured
• Osama bin Laden (Al Qaida)

Global Terrorism:
World Trade Center Bombing in New York
(26 Feb 1993)
• Car containing 1,500 pounds of uranium-
nitrate was parked in underground garage
• Explosion rocked both towers, cut off
emergency power, and sent smoke up
elevator shafts & stairwells to 92 nd floor
• 6 people killed & 1,042 injured
• Osama bin Laden & Al Qaida
• Demanded the end of U.S. aid &
diplomatic relations with Israel

Global Terrorism:
High-jackings & Attacks (11 Sep 2001)
• Four terrorist cells high-jacked four airliners
American Airlines flight 11 (8:46 in North Tower)
United Airlines flight 175 (9:03 in South Tower)
American Airlines flight 77 (9:37 in the Pentagon)
United Airlines flight 93 (Crashed in Pennsylvaina)
• 19 terrorists and 246 passengers died in the attacks
• 2,606 died in the
area of the Twin
Towers
• 184 died in the
Pentagon
• 403 Rescue
workers died
• Osama & Al Qaida