EUTELSAT Systems Operations Guide - Lea

Issue 2.0 

EUTELSATS.A. 

Systems Operations Guide 

ESOG 

Volume I 

EARTH STATION VERIFICATION 

AND ASSISTANCE 

(ESVA) 

Module130

SYSTEMS OPERATIONS GUIDE 

Volume 1 

ESOG Module 130 

EARTH STATION VERIFICATION AND 

ASSISTANCE (ESVA) 

Issue 2.0 25-07-2000 

1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 

2. ESVA REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 

3. TEST EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 

4. SPACE SEGMENT ACCESS TEST. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 

5. POLARIZATION ALIGNMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 

6. EIRP (INCLUDING TRANSMIT GAIN). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 

7. TRANSMIT POLARIZATION DISCRIMINATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 

8. TRANSMIT SIDELOBES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 

9. G/T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 

10. RECEIVE POLARIZATION DISCRIMINATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 

11. RECEIVE SIDELOBES (INCLUDING RECEIVE GAIN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 

Annex A. Request for ESVA Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 

Annex B. Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 

Annex C. List of Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 

Annex D. ESVA Contact Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 

Annex E. EUTELSAT Beacons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 

Annex F. Frequency Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 

Annex G. Measurement of Spurious Radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 

Annex H. Earth Station Alignment Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

FOREWORD 

The EUTELSAT Systems Operations Guide (ESOG) is published to provide all EUTELSAT space 

segment users with information that is necessary for successful operation of earth stations within 

the EUTELSAT satellite system. 

The ESOG in its final form will consist of 2 Volumes. They contain, in modularised form, all the 

necessary details which are considered important for the operations of earth stations. 

Volume I concentrates on System Management and Policy aspects and is therefore primarily of 

interest to personnel engaged in these matters. 

Volume II is of direct concern to earth station staff who are directly involved in system operations, 

i.e. the initial line-up of satellite links between earth stations and the commissioning of earth 

stations for EUTELSAT services. The modules that are contained in this Volume relate to the 

services provided via EUTELSAT satellites. 

Regarding Issue 2.0 of Module 130: 

In view to the previous issue 1.1 (and DRAFT issue 2), this version includes the following 

enhancements: 

1. Antennae without angular readout (para. 8.2.2) 

2. More details of EUTELSAT beacons (Annex E) 

3. Measurement guidelines for spurious radiation (Annex G) 

Annex F has been updated and minor editorial changes were made to other chapters. 

The ESOG can now be obtained, apart from the printed version, in Acrobat format from the 

EUTELSAT Internet server: 

http://www.eutelsat.com/Satellite information/Technical & operational docs/Uplinking & Satcom 

Services/EUTELSAT Systems Operation Guide (ESOG). 

Paris, 25-07-2000

OVERVIEW ESOG MODULES 

VOLUME I 

EUTELSAT S.A. SYSTEM MANAGEMENT AND POLICIES 

Earth Station Standards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Module 100 

Earth Station Access and Approval Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Module 110 

Earth Station Type Approval. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Module 120 

Earth Station Verification Assistance (ESVA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Module 130 

Operational Management, Control, Monitoring & Coordination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Module 140 

Services and Space Segment Reservation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Module 150 

VOLUME II 

EUTELSAT S.A. SYSTEMS OPERATIONS AND PROCEDURES 

TV Handbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Module 210 

SMS Handbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Module 220 

VSAT Handbook. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Module 230 

SKYPLEX Handbook. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Module 240 

DVB Television Handbook. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Module 250

page 1 EARTH STATION VERIFICATION AND ASSISTANCE (ESVA) 

1. INTRODUCTION 

ESOG Volume 1 Module 130 Issue 2.0, 25-07-2000 

1 

1 

0 

EUTELSAT approval procedures require the submission of technical earth 

station data to demonstrate compliance with the relevant specifications 

(ESOG Vol. I, Module 100 and Module 110 refer). 

In general, this can be achieved by the following means: 

EUTELSAT ESVA facilities. 

Non-EUTELSAT facilities such as: 

• test range, boresight tower, radiostar etc., 

other satellite systems. 

Some combination of these facilities. 

The purpose of conducting verification tests is to prove that the earth station 

and/or associated equipment will comply in all respects with the mandatory 

performance characteristics as set forth in the relevant specifications. 

Verification testing involving the use of a EUTELSAT satellite shall be 

conducted in cooperation with the EUTELSAT ESVA facility and/or a 

qualified corresponding earth station, under the direction of the EUTELSAT 

CSC. 

ESVA testing, which is an efficient and inexpensive alternative to most other 

methods, may be required upon request from EUTELSAT or the earth station 

owner. The ESVA testing may generally be required: 

for new earth stations prior to commencement of service, 

for existing earth stations after major modifications (especially of the RF 

front end). 

Typical parameters which can be measured using a EUTELSAT satellite and 

are included in the standard program presented in this Module are: 

earth station EIRP, 

transmit gain, 

transmit sidelobes, 

transmit polarisation isolation, 

receive gain, 

G/T, 

receive polarisation isolation, 

receive sidelobe patterns.


The above measurements are generally conducted between an EUTELSAT 

reference station and a distant earth station under test via the EUTELSAT 

space segment. This enables testing of a given station at it’s true, operational 

configuration. For small earth stations (aperture


2 

2 

2. ESVA REQUIREMENTS 

This section includes the conditions which ensure smooth implementation of 

ESVA, namely: 

prevention of interference to existing traffic, 

consistency of measurement results, 

efficient coordination of testing. 

The rules given hereafter apply to all ESVA activities including full scale 

ESVA programmes or parts of it and repetitions. 

2.1. Earth Station Preparation 

The correct function of all relevant earth station equipment must be verified 

by preliminary in-station testing. Thus avoiding delay of ESVA and 

interference to existing traffic during the initial space segment access. As far 

as possible, the in-station test shall prove compliance of the equipment with 

the EUTELSAT specification. Additional parameters which are required for 

ESVA such as: 

antenna slew speed for azimuth and elevation, 

power meter coupling factor and post coupler loss for each TX chain, 

receive coupling factor and receive feed loss if applicable 

shall be measured during the preparational phase and results shall be 

communicated to EUTELSAT. 

Before the commencement of the ESVA, the SUT must be already configured 

for the forthcoming measurements (Figure 4.1 refers). The station shall 

acquire and track the satellite foreseen for testing and the equipment shall be 

set to parameters defined in the EUTELSAT test plan. 

To eliminate eventual problems at this stage, it is strongly recommended to 

perform a G/T and a receive sidelobe pattern test, using the satellite beacon. 

ESOG Volume 1 Module 130 Issue 2.0, 25-07-2000


2.2. Test Coordination 

Planning of ESVA activities is based on the initial request for ESVA 

forwarded by the relevant telecommunications entity (i.e. Signatory or 

DATE). For new earth stations, this request is made by completion of 

paragraph 6 of the "APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL TO ACCESS THE 

EUTELSAT SPACE SEGMENT" (ESOG Module 110, Annex 1). The 

format of Annex 1 to this Module may be used for already approved stations. 

An advance notice of normally 4 weeks prior to the tentative ESVA date, 

should be given to ensure smooth implementation. EUTELSAT issues a test 

plan which includes the confirmation of the availability of the ESVA facility 

(i.e. space segment and reference station). It must be born in mind that due to 

operational needs, the test plan may be subject to changes at any time on short 

notice. The test plan contains the time schedule, technical and geographical 

parameters, contact points and notes required for preparation and execution of 

the subject test. 

Immediately after conclusion of testing, the EUTELSAT Reference Station 

transmits a provisional test report to the test manager of the station under test. 

This provisional report provides a summary of all test results. All data is 

subject to confirmation by EUTELSAT who will issue the final test report 

usually within 4 weeks following test conclusion. 

This final report comprises results and parameters in detail and, will be 

forwarded to the relevant telecommunications entity who initially requested 

the subject ESVA. 

2.3. Space Segment Access 

Prior to commencement of any test programme, the Station Under Test (SUT) 

must contact the EUTELSAT Reference Station (ERS). The reference station 

will then coordinate with the EUTELSAT CSC the forthcoming test 

activities. The reference station must obtain the approval of the CSC for space 

segment access before the start of testing and report to the CSC when testing 

is terminated or in case of significant interruptions. 



Furthermore, each space segment access by a station under test must be 

endorsed by the EUTELSAT Reference Station. When transmitting, the 

Station Under Test must maintain contact with the reference station during 

ALL times. In particular, the SUT must ensure permanent presence of staff at 

the phone to guarantee instant reaction on ERS directives. If the 

communication link fails, the Station Under Test must immediately CEASE 

transmissions and attempt to re-establish contact with the reference station. It 

is therefore essential, that suitable telephone equipment be available and 

accessible at all relevant sites (e.g.: antenna hub, control room etc.) 

throughout testing. The appropriate phone(s) must be authorized for 

international connections and shall preferably be equipped with a 

loudspeaker. The detailed procedures compulsory to each space segment 

access are prescribed in paragraph 4.1 of this document. 

2.4. Weather Conditions 

Atmospherical attenuation and wind may considerably degrade the accuracy 

of measurements. It is therefore preferable to conduct ESVA testing during 

clear sky conditions where light windspeeds are not exceeded. If, due to 

operational needs, testing has to be performed during deteriorated weather 

conditions, special consideration will be given to evaluation of results. In case 

of discrepancies, partial or complete repetition of the test programme will be 

agreed. 

2.5. Antenna Alignment 

All ESVA tests are based on the perfect initial alignment of the antenna under 

test. Great care must be taken by the Station Under Test when optimizing the 

antenna pointing i.e. peaking. 

Peaking must be performed initially, i.e. prior to testing, 

1. after each antenna movement (e.g. during G/T, antenna sidelobe 

measurements etc...), 

2. after interruption of the test programme, 

3. before each measurement during transmissions via satellites in inclined 

orbit. 

The Station Under Test must ensure that optimized pointing is achieved 

during all measurements. On request, the reference station will provide 

assistance and guide the Station Under Test. 



2.6. Check List 

Completion of the following check-list by the Station Under Test, before the 

start of an ESVA activity will prevent delays. 

Earth Station equipment functions compliant to specifications 

Antenna, drive and tracking system 

HPA 

LNA (LNB, LNC) 

Up and Down-Converters 

Station control and waveguide switching 

TX chains have been checked for spurious emissions 

Test equipment is available, calibrated and warm-up period 

respected 

RF synthesizer (frequency drift measured) 

RF power meter (auto-zero, calibration factor set) 

Spectrum Analyser (calibration procedure completed) 

Plotter (connected, calibrated) 

TX power meter coupling factors and post coupler losses measured 

for each TX-chain, results sent to EUTELSAT 

Antenna slew speed measured for azimuth and elevation, results sent 

to EUTELSAT 

Satellite as per test plan acquired, antenna pointing optimized 

(peaking) 

Polarization alignment optimized 

Appropriate means for communication during the test are available 

–and optional: 

G/T and antenna RX-pattern measured via satellite beacon 



3. TEST EQUIPMENT 


3 

3 

The measurement equipment which must be available at the Station Under 

Test during ESVA, is summarized hereafter. Prior to the start of ESVA, the 

station operator shall ensure that all test equipment: 

functions correctly, 

warm-up periods are respected, 

calibration procedures have been carried out correctly. 

For completion of test records, the test equipment types shall be reported to 

EUTELSAT. 

3.1. RF Power Meter 

The RF power meter is required for the measurement of the transmit power 

and calibration of the station EIRP. At SUT equipped for pilot injection, the 

power meter is furthermore required for measurement of the pilot level. 

Generally, the dynamic range of the power sensor should be dimensioned to 

include the full range of transmit power required during operations and 

ESVA. Before measurements, the operator shall set the appropriate 

calibration factor and execute an "Auto-Zero" cycle to ensure accurate results. 

Examples 1 : Hewlett Packard 435B; 436A; 437A; 438A 

Hewlett Packard EPM 442A 

Rhode & Schwarz NRVS 

Gigatronix 8541, 8542 

Marconi RF Power Meter 6960B 

3.2. RF Spectrum Analyser 

The spectrum analyser is required for execution of the space segment access 

test, the measurement of the G/T ratio and the antenna receive sidelobe 

pattern. Furthermore, it is used for monitoring of the receive frequency range 

and the HPA output. To facilitate the G/T measurement, it is preferable to use 

an analyser which permits a direct noise level readout (noise marker). The RF 

and IF frequency bands of the station under test should be covered by the 

analyser.


Examples 1 : Hewlett Packard 8566 A/B 

Hewlett Packard 8562 A 

Wandel & Goltermann SNA-23 

Ronde & Schwarz FSEM or FSEK series 

Ronde & Schwarz FSIQ 26 or FSP30 

Aritsu MS 2802A 

A suitable plotter/recorder is necessary for documentation of the antenna 

pattern test results. 

3.3. Signal Source 

For the assessment of transmit parameters, a stable signal source is required 

at the station under test. To prevent interference when testing is conducted via 

transponders bearing traffic, to obtain a maximum dynamic range and 

accuracy, the frequency drift, residual modulation and level variation must be 

kept at a minimum. 

The short term frequency drift measured at RF level (e.g. 14 GHz), should be 

less than 10 Hz per 30 minutes (typical figure: 5 x 10 -10 /day ageing rate). 

Therefore, a synthesized source is required for generation of the test signal. 

Alternatives like the operational modulator require prior endorsement by 

EUTELSAT and should be considered only in exceptional case: 

Examples 1 : Hewlett Packard 8672 A 

Hewlett Packard 8673 A 

Hewlett Packard 8341 B 

Rhode & Schwarz SMP22 

1. The test equipment list is not exhaustive. Alternative test sets e.g. of other manufacturers 

may be suitable to accomplish ESVA testing 



4 

4 

4. SPACE SEGMENT ACCESS TEST 

4.1. Test Objectives 

1. To ensure the correct alignment with parameters prescribed in the 

EUTELSAT test plan. 

2. To prevent any interference to existing services. 

3. To evaluate basic carrier parameters as frequency drift and EIRP 

fluctuation in order to estimate possible impairments to test results and to 

adapt instrument settings at ERS accordingly. 

4.2. Principle 

Initially, the ERS transmits a marker carrier which shall be identified by the 

SUT to prove correct pointing. Upon authorization by the ERS, the SUT 

transmits at low EIRP. The ERS will check value and fluctuation of carrier 

level and frequency. 

PLOTTER 

MODULATOR 

IF / RF 

SPECTRUM 

ANALYSER 

DEMODULATOR 

UP - 

CONVERTER HPA TX - COUPLER 

RF 

IF 

RF 

SYNTHESIZER 

TX - Tests 

RF 

IF 

RF 

POWER METER 

In - Station 

Pilot Injection * 

DOWN - 

CONVERTER LNA RX - COUPLER 

TX - EIRP 

MONITOR POINT 

Figure 4.1 : SUT Configuration during ESVA 

ANTENNA 

Test Equipment 

Equiqment 

E/ E/S S Equipment 

Equiqment 

Not Mandatory 



4.3. Step-by-Step Procedure 

A. Acquisition of Satellite 

Step 1: Upon successful completion of the independent in-station tests as described 

under para. 2.1 above and PRIOR to the transmission of ANY signal, the 

SUT shall identify, acquire and track the specified satellite. 

Step 2: SUT set the polarization angle according to the parameter provided in the 

EUTELSAT test plan. For further optimization, SUT shall monitor the crosspolar 

component of the satellite beacon signal. The, SUT shall slowly rotate 

the polarization plane until the level reaches a minimum. 

Note: Where this procedure is not applicable (e.g. for transmission on X polarization 

from SUT equipped with a 2-port feed), another suitable signal on the satellite 

may be used. 

B. Access Coordination 

Step 3: Immediately prior to the scheduled commencement of ESVA (i.e. ~ 5 

minutes) the SUT shall establish and maintain phone contact with ERS. SUT 

shall communicate sky and wind conditions and information on all details 

which may impair testing. 

Step 4: ERS ensure that the allocated frequency range is free of traffic. 

Step 5: ERS shall contact the EUTELSAT CSC to obtain authorization for space 

segment access. If required, CSC arrange for change of satellite configuration 

on request of ERS. 

Step 6: In accordance with parameters of the EUTELSAT test plan, ERS transmit a 

marker carrier. 

Step 7: On request of ERS, SUT monitor the allocated down-link frequency range. 

SUT reconfirm presence of the marker carrier to ERS. 

Step 8: ERS double-checks identification of marker carrier by SUT. Proceed to Step 

9 only if identification is affirmative. 

C. Transmission by SUT 

Step 9: Under direction of the ERS, SUT transmit a carrier at the assigned frequency 

and EIRP. (The initial EIRP is in general in the order of 50 dBW and it must 

never exceed 55 dBW). 

Note: The SUT must CEASE transmissions immediately if the communications 

link to the ERS fails or if the presence of staff at the SUT phone is 

interrupted. This rule applies to this and all following tests where the SUT 

transmits. 

Step 10: SUT notify the ERS of the activation of its carrier. 



Step 11: If the ERS does not detect the carrier under test within the allocated frequency 

range, the SUT shall CEASE transmissions. The SUT shall again verify its 

set-up on: 

correct satellite acquisition, 

polarization plane alignment, 

transmit frequency and 

transmit EIRP 

and return to Step 8. 

Step 12: ERS check carrier frequency, EIRP and polarization and request corrections 

if necessary. 

Step 13: SUT monitor the receive level of its own transmitted carrier. ERS request 

SUT to slew SUT antenna first in azimuth and then in elevation to reconfirm 

correct pointing. 

Step 14: SUT report TX power meter reading to ERS and maintain frequency setting 

throughout following tests. 

Step 15: ERS monitor short term (~ 10 minutes) fluctuation of frequency and EIRP of 

carrier under test. 



4.4. Example for Spectrum Analyser Setting 

hp 

1 dB/ 

Reference level : As applicable 

Attenuator : As applicable 

Scale : 1 dB/Division 

Centre frequency : SUT down-link frequency as per test plan 

(11 or 12 GHz range) 

Span : 200 Hz 

Resolution bandwidth : Auto 

Video bandwidth : Auto 

Video averaging : OFF 

Sweep time : Auto 

Marker noise : OFF 

D-Marker : OFF 

Trace : Clear write A 

Max. Hold B 

Display line : OFF 

REF - 45.0 dBm ATTEN 10 dB 

CENTER 11.107 000 898 GHz 

RES BW 10 Hz VBW 30 Hz 

SPAN 200 Hz 

SWP 6.00 sec 

Figure 4.2 : Spectrum Analyser Display at ERS during Space Segment Access 

Test (Verification of frequency stability) 



5 

5 

5. POLARIZATION ALIGNMENT 


To accomplish optimum alignment of the polarization plane of the SUT 

antenna with the receive antenna of the satellite, in order to guaranty accurate 

ESVA measurement results. 

For SUT equipped with 4-port feed, to evaluate orthogonality of transmit 

polarization planes (X and Y). 


The SUT transmits a carrier via the co-polar channel while the ERS monitors 

the residual carrier level in the cross-polar channel. Under control of the ERS, 

the SUT slowly rotates its polarization plane. The ERS records the variation 

of the cross-polar level and guides the SUT to the angular position where the 

minimum level is detected (nulling). 

The following configurations must be considered: 

1. the down-link frequency bands of the co-polar and cross-polar channel are 

different. 

2. The down-link frequency bands are identical but the co-polar satellite 

channel is switched OFF. 

3. The down-link frequency bands are identical and the co-polar channel is 

ON: 

a) The co-polar channel is set to minimum gain and the cross-polar 

channel is set to maximum gain. 

b) Gain settings of one or both channels may not be changed. 

To avoid influence caused by the down-link, the polarization alignment is 

performed in configuration 1) or 2) above. The ERS will apply additional 

precautions in the evaluation of recorded data in case of configurations 3). 

For SUT equipped with a 4-port feed, and in order to verify the orthogonality, 

the alignment procedure is executed via both polarizations (X and Y). The 

angle indications for the optimum positions are read for X and Y polarization 

and then compared. 



Cross-polar Level [dB] 

TX Polarization Angle Tilt Relative to Satellite RX Antenna [°] 

Figure 5.1 : Cross-polar Signal Level as Function of Polarization Plane 

Alignment 

Figure 5.2 : Schematic Representation of Polarization Alignment 


-20 

-30 

-40 

-50 

-60 

-70 

Theoretical 

Actual 

-5 -3 -1 1 3 5 

C 

T 

X T X SR 

Satellite 

receive 

antenna 

C 

T 

C 

T 

X T + X SR 

X T 

Station 

under 

Test (SUT) 

Co - polar XDR OFF or Down - link 

frequency different to cross - polar XDR 

X - Polar XDR ON 

C T : Co - polar signal 

X T : Station under Test - X - polar component 

X SR : Satellite receive - X - polar component 

EUTELSAT 

Reference 

Station (ERS) 

XSR XT X SR 

X T 

X T + X SR 

XSR XT Satellite 

transmit 

antenna



Step 1: If required, CSC arrange for change of satellite configuration on request of 

ERS. 

Step 2: SUT set antenna tracking system to manual mode. 

Step 3: Under direction of ERS, SUT transmit a carrier at the frequency as established 

during the Satellite Access Test and set the EIRP as per test plan. 

Step 4: ERS record the level of the cross-polar component of the carrier under test. 

Step 5: In coordination with the ERS, SUT rotate slowly the polarization plane in the 

following way: 

1. Rotate towards the anti-clockwise limit. (e.g.: −5° relative to start 

position). 

2. Rotate via the optimum to the clockwise limit. (e.g.: +5° relative to start 

position). 

Note: Values of angles are positive if the rotation is clockwise as seen from the earth 

station towards the satellite. 

Step 6: ERS guide SUT to acquire the optimum position (i.e. where polarization 

plane of SUT and satellite receive antenna match and a minimum in crosspolar 

level is observed). 

Step 7: SUT secure feed position. ERS verify that the optimum is maintained. 

Step 8: SUT report the polarization angle indication to the ERS. If the SUT is not 

equipped with indicators, the feed position shall be marked. 



5.4. Example for Spectrum Analyser Setting 






Span : 0 Hz 

Resolution bandwidth : 100 Hz 

Video bandwidth : 3 Hz 

Sweep time : 100 s or as appropriate 


∆-Marker : Disabled 


Display line : Set to minimum 

T 

Freq 

Amptd 

Marker 

BW Swp 

Traces 

State 

Misc 

AL -17.88 dBm 

ATTEN 0 dB 

5.00 dB / DIV 

CENTER 11.479 005 150 GHz 

RB 100 Hz VB 3.00 Hz 

SPAN 0 Hz 

ST 40.00 sec 

MENU 

RES BW 

AutoMan 

VID BW 

AutoMan 

SWPTIME 

AutoMan 

CONT 

SWEEP 

SINGLE 

SWEEP 

VID AVG 

On Off 

Figure 5.3 : Spectrum Analyser Display during Polarization Plane Alignment 



6 

6 

6. EIRP (INCLUDING TRANSMIT GAIN) 


1. To reconfirm the SUT EIRP calibration prior to commencement of 

operations. 

2. To assess the linearity of the EIRP indication at the SUT. 

3. To evaluate the transmit gain of the antenna at the SUT. 

4. To measure the maximum EIRP capability of the SUT. 


6.2.1. Power Balance 

The EIRP measurement is based on the up-link power balance technique 

where the EIRP of the SUT is compared against an accurately calibrated EIRP 

radiated from the ERS. Corrections for the satellite antenna receive gain (offaxis 

loss), path loss and atmospherical loss due to the distant location of both 

stations are applied to obtain the value of the SUT EIRP. To minimize the 

influence of amplitude-frequency response of the satellite transponder and 

ERS, the difference of carrier frequencies of SUT and ERS is small (generally 

< 100 kHz). Carrier levels of both SUT and ERS are equal or differ by no 

more than 0.2 dB to avoid inaccuracies due to the non-linearity of the satellite 

TWT. 

The following formula applies: 

EIRP SUT = EIRP ERS 

+ (L oa,SUT − L oa,ERS ) 

+ (L at,SUT − L at,ERS ) 

+ (l fs,SUT − L fs,ERS ) − ∆ 

where: L oa : Off-axis Loss [dB] 

L fs : Free space Loss [dB] 

L at : Atmospheric Loss [dB] 

∆ : Small difference between EIRP of carriers [dB] 

∆ is positive when: EIRP SUT < EIRP ERS 

∆ is small when: |∆|< 0.2 dB 


(1)


L at is measured at the ERS by radiometer during the test. For SUT where no 

radiometer is available, 0.3 dB shall be assumed for clear sky conditions. 

The values of free-space loss (L fs ) and off-axis loss (L oa ) will be indicated in 

the relevant EUTELSAT test plan. 

6.2.2. EIRP Calibration 

At power balance condition, the SUT reads the transmit power meter. This 

value which corresponds to a (now) accurately known EIRP, shall be noted 

and used as reference for future operations. 

In cases where the power reading during operations will not be derived from 

the same test point, it is essential to include the operational test point in the 

calibration procedure. 

6.2.3. Linearity of EIRP Indication 

Corresponding EIRP [dBW] 

EIRP calibration is repeated at several (e.g. 4) different EIRP levels. The 

range shall include the future operational EIRP of the SUT. It shall thus 

provide a reliable base for determination of any EIRP value required during 

forthcoming SUT operations. 

Title 

75 

70 

65 

60 

55 

50 

Measured EIRP [dBW] 

Mean 

Max. EIRP Capability of E/S 

-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 

Figure 6.1 : Linearity of TX Power Indication 



6.2.4. Transmit Gain 

At known station EIRP the antenna TX gain of the SUT may be calculated. 

During ESVA preparation, TX power meter coupling factor and loss between 

TX coupler and antenna flange (or interface where antenna gain is defined) 

have to be obtained by in-station measurements. 

Signal Source HPA TX - Coupler 

(12.9)14.0 - 14.5 = 14.5 GHz(18.4) 

GHz 

Post Coupler 

losses 

Figure 6.2 : Schematic Diagram of SUT TX-Chain 

Using the value of EIRP SUT from equation (1) above, the TX gain is given by: 

where: Pm : Tx power meter reading [dBm] 

CTX : Tx coupling factor [dB] 

LTX : Post coupler Losses [dB] 

30 : Conversion dBW ⇒ dBm [dB] 

To appreciate the measurement result, it is compared to the expected value 

which may be computed as follows: 

where: G : Antenna gain [dBi] 

η : Efficiency (assumed at 0.65) [1] 

a, b : Major, minor axis of antenna 

reflector aperture 

[m] 

f 

c 

: Frequency 

: Speed of light (i.e 3 x 10 

[Hz] 

8 G 10Log10 η a b ⎛π⋅f --------- ⎞ 

⎝ c ⎠ 

) [m/s] 

2 

= 

⎛ 

⎝ 

⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⎞ 

⎠ 


C TX 

Pm 

TX - Powermeter 

L TX 

G TX = EIRP SUT − P m + 30 − C TX + L TX 

G TX EIRPSUT 

(2) 

(3)


6.2.5. Maximum EIRP Capability of SUT 

Under close control of the ERS, the SUT increases its TX EIRP to the 

maximum value defined as per test plan or until the saturation of the SUT 

HPA, which ever is reached first. If applicable, 2 HPAs and phase combiner 

shall be used during this test. The ERS conducts a power balance and logs the 

maximum EIRP capability of the SUT as reference for EUTELSAT records. 




A. Preparation 

Step 1: SUT forward the following information to EUTELSAT prior to 

commencement of ESVA: 

Type of feed (2-port, 4-port). 

No of TX-chains. 

Coupling factor (C TX ) for each TX chain. 

Post coupling Loss (LTX ) for each TX chain. 

Step 2: SUT set appropriate calibration factor of TX power meter and conduct an 

"Auto ZERO" cycle. 

B. Power Balance 

Step 3: If required, CSC arrange for change of transponder gain setting on request of 

ERS. ERS transmits the reference carrier at the frequency and EIRP as 

specified by the ESVA test plan. 

Step 4: SUT adjust the EIRP setting to obtain the value specified in the ESVA test 

plan. Under the direction of the ERS, SUT commence transmission at the 

frequency established during the Satellite Access Test. 

Step 5: If necessary, SUT adjust the EIRP under control of ERS to balance the 

reference carrier. The difference in level of both carriers as monitored by the 

ERS shall not exceed 0.2 dB. 

Step 6: ERS confirm balance condition. 

Step 7: SUT read the TX power meter and report the value to ERS. 

C. Linearity 

Step 8: If required by the test plan, ERS increase the EIRP of the reference carrier. 

Under control of ERS, SUT increase the EIRP of the carrier under test. 

Step 9: Repeat Steps 5 through 7 for each EIRP level to be calibrated. 

Note: In general the EIRP calibration is performed for the following levels: 

1. Start EIRP. 

2. Start EIRP − 5 dB. 



The start EIRP is specified in the ESVA test plan. 

D. Maximum EIRP Capability 

Step 10: Carry out this step only if required by the ESVA test plan, otherwise proceed 

to Step 12. 



Step 11: Under close control of the ERS, SUT increase slowly the EIRP. The increase 

shall in no case exceed the limits given in the ESVA test plan to avoid 

interference to traffic or over saturation of the transponder. Below the 

specified limits, the SUT EIRP may be increased until the SUT HPA or in 

case of phase combiner, the two SUT HPAs are saturated. SUT report the TX 

power reading to ERS. If the SUT Tx chain is equipped with several couplers, 

the calibration is performed using the coupler which is the nearest to the 

antenna feed. For cross-reference, at least 1 measurement shall be performed 

for each Tx chain using another coupler(s) (e.g. HPA RF power meter). 

Step 12: If the SUT EIRP capability is superior to the limit stated as per test plan, the 

ERS will request to commute the SUT TX-chain to dummy load and/or to depoint 

the SUT antenna far off the geostationary arc. Then, the SUT increases 

its power to its maximum. The corresponding powermeter reading is 

communicated to the ERS, which will compute the maximum SUT EIRP 

capability. The SUT reduces its EIRP to the nominal level and ceases 

transmissions. To proceed with testing, the SUT re-acquires the satellite as 

previously defined. 

Step 13: From the results of the previous power balance, ERS evaluate the maximum 

EIRP capability of the SUT and the SUT antenna TX gain, and if available, 

other power indications (e.g. output-power display of HPA). 



6.4. Example for Spectrum Analyser Settings 

1 dB / 

SAMPLE 

VID AVG 






Span : 200 kHz 

Resolution bandwidth : 30 kHz 

Video bandwidth : Auto 

Video average : 20 



Marker : Peak search 

∆-Marker : ∆-peak search 



REF -15.0 dBm ATTEN 10 dB 

Figure 6.3 : Spectrum Analyser Display during Power Balance 

MKR -59.2 kHz 

-0.13 dB 

CENTER 12.708 261 GHz SPAN 20 

RES BW 30 kHz VBW 100 Hz SWP 500 msec 



7 

7 

0 

7. TRANSMIT POLARIZATION 

DISCRIMINATION 

7.1. Objectives 

To measure the transmit polarization isolation of the Station Under Test at 

optimized TX polarization alignment. The measurement is carried out at 

boresight and at 8 samples within the 1 dB contour of the co-polar antenna TX 

pattern. 

In case of non-orthogonal polarization planes, the operational XPD will be 

lower than measured during ESVA. 


To measure the EIRP of the SUT, a power balance is carried out via the copolar 

channel. Then, the ERS transmits a reference carrier (e.g. 20, 30 or 40 

dB below the co-polar level) via the cross-polar transponder. From the 

difference in level of the reference carrier and the cross-polar component of 

the carrier under test, the transmit XPD of the SUT is computed. Then in order 

to verify the performance within the co-polar -1 dB TX contour, the SUT 

antenna is depointed in azimuth and elevation as described in the figure below 

- EAST 

counter-clock-wise 

CCW 

WEST + 

Figure 7.1 : Antenna Depointing Sequence during XPD Measurements 


+ UP 

- DOWN 

clock-wise 

CW


The angular increment for antennas with circular aperture may be estimated 

by the following expression: 

AI = 

3.978 

-----------d 

⋅ f 

where: d: Antenna diameter [m] 

f: Frequency [GHz] 

(Ref.: CCIR Handbook on Satellite Communications). 

Angular Increment [°] 

0.2 

0.175 

0.15 

0.125 

0.1 

0.075 

0.05 

0.025 

0 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 

A n te n n a A p e rtu re D ia m e te r [m ] 

Figure 7.2 : Angular Increment (AI) for TX-XPD Measurements 

While the SUT is depointing its antenna, the ERS monitors the variation of 

the co-polar carrier level and guides the SUT through the defined 

measurement pattern. 

Nine measurements of the difference between the cross-polar component of 

the carrier under test and the cross-polar reference carrier are taken. Then the 

test configuration is reversed (i.e. the cross-polar channel becomes co-polar, 

etc...) and the measuring sequence is repeated. A correction for differences in 

the up-link off-axis loss between co-polar and cross-polar channel is applied 

and the XPD of the SUT is computed. 

XPD = C SUT - X SUT 

f = 12.90 G Hz 

f = 13.75 G Hz 

f = 14.50 G Hz 

f = 18.00 G Hz 

f = 30.00 G Hz 

f = 12.90 G Hz 

f = 13.75 G Hz 

f = 14.50 G Hz 

f = 18.00 G Hz 

f = 30.00 G Hz 

XPD = (C ERS − X ERS ) − L OA/ERS/C + L OA/ERS/X 

+ L OA/SUT/C − L OA/SUT/X − D C + D X 


(1) 

(2) 

(3)


(C ERS - X ERS ) : Difference in EIRP of co-polar and 

cross-polar reference carrier [dB] 

D C : Difference between co-polar reference 

carrier and co-polar carrier under test [dB] 

D X : Difference between cross-polar 

reference carrier and cross-polar 

component of carrier under test [dB] 

L OA : Off axis-Loss [dB] 

Index SUT: Station Under Test 

Index ERS: EUTELSAT Reference Station 

Index C: Co-polar 

Index X: Cross-polar 

Note: D C , D X is positive if the level of the reference is greater than the level of the 

signal under test. 

In case of a perfect power balance via the co-polar channel (i.e. D C = 0 at 

boresight), the values of D C are as follows: 

Point Nr. D C [dB] 

1 0 

2, 4, 6, 8 0.5 

3, 5, 7, 9 1 

Table 7.1: Variation of co-polar carrier level during depointing 

sequence 

To eliminate inaccuracies due to the non-perfect XPD performance of the 

down-link (i.e. satellite transmit antennas, ERS antenna), measurements 

require one of the following configurations: 

a) the down-link frequency bands of co-polar and cross-polar channel are 

different. 

b) the frequency bands are identical but the co-polar channel is switched 

OFF. 

c) the down-link frequency bands are identical and the co-polar channel is 

ON. The co-polar channel is set to minimum gain and the cross-polar 

channel is set to maximum gain. In this case the ERS will apply 

additional precautions in the evaluation of results. 



∆ 

SUT: Cross-polar component 

of Carrier under Test 

ERS: Reference Carrier 

Figure 7.3 : Carrier Configuration during XPD Measurements 




Step 1: CSC arrange for change of satellite configuration (gain settings, channelized 

section ON/OFF) on request of ERS. 

Step 2: ERS transmit the reference carrier via the co-polar channel at the frequency 

and EIRP as specified in the EUTELSAT test plan. 

Step 3: SUT adjust the EIRP setting to obtain the value specified in the EUTELSAT 

test plan. Under direction of the ERS, SUT commence transmission at the 

frequency established during the satellite access test. 


reference carrier. 


Step 6: ERS transmit the reference carrier via the cross-polar channel at EIRP 

(generally 20 ... 40 dB below co-polar) and frequency as specified in the 


Step 7: ERS measure the difference in level between the reference carrier and the 

cross-polar component of the carrier under test. 

ERS compute the value of the TX-XPD of the SUT. 

Step 8: In coordination with the ERS, SUT move the antenna off-boresight according 

to Figure 7.1. The angular increment (AI) is given in the EUTELSAT test 

plan. ERS monitor the variation of the co-polar level of the carrier under test. 

If necessary, guide the SUT to the required antenna positions. 

Step 9: Repeat Step 7. 

Step 10: Repeat Steps 8 and 9 for the remaining points. 




1 dB / 

SAMPLE 

DL 

Co-polar Signal: 








Video bandwidth : 3 kHz 

Video average : ON (10 samples) 



∆-Marker : ON (Marker peak search at boresight) 


Display line : ON (Set to level at boresight) 


CENTER 11.479 042 GHz 

RES BW 10 KHz 

VBW 3 kHz 

SPAN 200 kHz 

SWP 30.0 msec 

Figure 7.4 : Spectrum Analyser Display during TX-XPD Measurement 

(Co-polar Signal) 



T 

Freq 

Amptd 

Marker 

BW Swp 

Traces 

State 

Misc 

Cross-polar Signal: 




Centre frequency : Centre between down-link frequencies of 

SUT and ERS (11 or 12 GHz range) 

Span : As applicable 

Resolution bandwidth : As applicable 

Video bandwidth : As applicable 




∆-Marker : ON (Marker set to ERS carrier, ∆-Marker 

to SUT cross-polar signal) 



1 

RL -36.06 dBm 

*ATTEN 0 dB 

5.00 dB / DIV 

MARKER 

-11.51 kHz 

-5.96 dB 

10 

CENTER 11.479 010 70 GHz 

*RB 300 Hz *VB 100 Hz 

MKR 1 FRQ -11.51 kHz 

-5.96 dB 

SPAN 20.00 kHz 

ST 2.000 sec 

Figure 7.5 : Spectrum Analyser Display during TX-XPD Measurement 

(Cross-polar Signal) 


MENU 

NKR NRM 

On Off 

DELTA 

HIGHEST 

PEAK 

NEXT 

PEAK 

CF 

SIG TAK 

On Off


8 

8 

0 

8. TRANSMIT SIDELOBES 


To record the co- and cross-polar radiation diagrams of the antenna of the 

station under test, the result shall enable EUTELSAT to determine the 

maximum permissible EIRP limits of the SUT. 


8.2.1. General 

While transmitting a carrier the SUT slews its antenna in azimuth or elevation 

and communicates continuously the antenna position readout to the ERS. The 

ERS records the level of the co- and cross-polar component of the received 

carrier. Prior to the antenna measurement the ERS performs a calibration to 

compensate inaccuracies which may be caused by non-linearity of the satellite 

transponder or the ERS RX chain. The ERS processes angular information, 

calibration data and the recorded level to produce the antenna pattern. For 

azimuth cuts, the following correction is applied to compute the true angle 

from the azimuth readout. 

sin (Az’/2) = sin (Az/2) . cos(El) 

Where: Az’ : Real angle from boresight. 

Az : Azimuth as read from encoders. 

El : Elevation under which the test is performed. 

To facilitate the evaluation the following envelope is given in Figure 8.2. 

Co-polar: G = (29 − 25 Log 10 (Θ)) dBi 1° < Θ < 7° 

G = +8 dBi 7° < Θ < 9.2° 

G = (32 − 25 Log 10 (Θ)) dBi 9.2° < Θ < 48° 

G = −10 dBi 48° < Θ 

Cross-polar: G = (19 − 25 Log 10 (Θ)) dBi 1° < Θ < 7° 

G = -2 dBi 7° < Θ < 20° 


(1)


Gain [dBi] 

True Angle Az' [°] 

i.e. angle from boresight 

30 

25 

20 

15 

10 

5 

0 

-5 

-10 

-15 

20 

18 

16 

14 

12 

10 

8 

6 

4 

2 

0 

-10 dBi 

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 

Azimuth Az [°] as indicated by angular encoder 

Figure 8.1 : True Angle (Az’) as Function of Azimuth (Az) 

{ 32-25log(Theta) } dBi 

{ 29-25log(Theta) }dBi 

-2dBi 

Figure 8.2 : Envelope for Co-polar TX Sidelobe Pattern 

Elevation [°] 


+8dBi 

{ 19-25log(Theta) }dBi 

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 

1° 

Theta [°] 

7° 

7° 

9.2° 

48° 

15 

25 

30 

35 

40 

45


8.2.2. Antennae without Angular Readout 

Sidelobe measurements for antennae that are not equipped with a pointing 

angle display are carried out following the same procedures as apply for 

standard configurations. However, the earth station operator must establish 

angular graduations for the azimuth and elevation axis. For elevation, this is 

normally achieved by placing a precise inclinometer on a convenient spot of 

the antenna structure. Figure 8.3 shows a simple implementation of an 

azimuth scale. Both azimuth and elevation scales need not be calibrated in 

absolute readings but they must provide sufficient resolution to allow the SUT 

operator to clearly indicate “marks” at each degree of antenna movement. 

Figure 8.3 : Schematic presentation of Earth Station Set-up for Azimuth Readout 




This procedure is applicable to earth stations equipped with motorized 

antenna drives. 

A. Preparation 

Step 1: During ESVA preparation, prior to commencement of testing, SUT 

investigate the slew speed for azimuth and elevation antenna movement and 

forward the values to EUTELSAT. An antenna slew speed suitable for pattern 

measurements is in the order of 0.1° per second. If various settings are 

available (e.g. SLOW and FAST), all speeds should be communicated to 

EUTELSAT. If these parameters are not provided by the station 

manufacturer, the slew speed should be measured by the method described 

hereafter (Steps 1.1 through 1.9). 

No signals shall be transmitted during this part of the test. 

No signals shall be transmitted during this part of the test. 

Step 1.1: Acquire the beacon of the satellite specified in the test plan. Optimize the 

antenna pointing for maximum receive signal level. 

Step 1.2: Move the antenna in azimuth 5° counter-clockwise. 

Step 1.3: Measure the time of the azimuth movement from −5° via beamcentre to +5° 

(i.e. clockwise antenna motion from East to West). Calculate the azimuth slew 

speed in degrees per second. 

Step 1.4: For motorized antennas which are not equipped with angular encoders, Steps 

1.1 through 1.3 shall be repeated at least 3 times and results shall be averaged. 

Step 1.5: Repeat Step 1.1. 

Step 1.6: Move the antenna in elevation 5° down. 

Step 1.7: Measure the time of the elevation movement from −5° via beamcentre to +5° 

(i.e. ascending antenna motion). Calculate the elevation slew speed in degrees 

per second. 

Step 1.8: If applicable, repeat Step 1.4. 

Step 1.9: Report results prior to commencement of ESVA to the EUTELSAT System 

Verification Test Section. 

B. Power Balance 


ERS. ERS transmit the reference carrier at the frequency and EIRP as 

specified in the EUTELSAT test plan. 

Step 3: ERS perform a calibration of the satellite loop by recording the ERS carrier 

for an EIRP range of 60 dB below the initial value in 10 dB steps. Proceed 

with step 6 if co-polar patterns only are recorded. 



Step 4: ERS transmit the reference carrier via the cross-polar channel at EIRP 

(generally 20.40 dB below co-polar) and frequency as specified in the 


Step 5: ERS measure the difference in level between the reference carrier and the 

cross-polar component of the carrier under test. ERS compute the cross-polar 

antenna gain of the SUT. 

Step 6: SUT adjust the EIRP setting to obtain the value specified in the EUTELSAT 

test plan. Under direction of the ERS, SUT commence transmission at the 

frequency established during the satellite access test. 




Step 9: ERS cease transmission of the reference carrier. 

C. Azimuth Pattern 

Step 10: Considering the outcome of the Satellite Access Test, ERS optimize spectrum 

analyser settings for reception of the SUT carrier. 

Step 11: Upon request by the ERS, SUT interrupt transmission for a short interval. 

ERS proceed with optimization of analyse settings. SUT activate carrier on 

request of ERS. 

Step 12: Under direction of the ERS, SUT move the antenna starting from boresight to 

+1° clockwise (i.e. to the West). ERS verify the antenna slew speed. 

Step 13: In close coordination with the ERS (Figure 8.4 refers), SUT move the antenna 

to the "counter clockwise" limit (i.e.: from the start position via boresight to 

the East). The value of the East limit (e.g. −25° off beamcentre) is stated in 

the test plan. ERS record the pattern. 

Step 14: SUT switch off the carrier and return to boresight. Under the direction of the 

ERS, SUT recommence transmission and optimise antenna pointing for 

maximum receive level. SUT cease transmission if no further antenna 

measurements follows. 

Step 15: Repeat Steps 10 through 12 for the "clockwise" antenna movement, i.e. from 

−1° via boresight to the West limit (e.g. +25° off beamcentre). 

D. Elevation Pattern 

Step 16: Under direction of the ERS, SUT move the antenna starting from boresight to 

+1° up in elevation. ERS verify the antenna slew speed. 

Step 17: In close coordination with the ERS (Figure 8.4 refers), SUT move the antenna 

to the "lower" limit (i.e. from start position via boresight down). The value of 

the lower limit is stated in the test plan (e.g. −15° off beamcentre). ERS record 

the pattern. 



Step 18: SUT switch off the carrier and return to boresight. Under direction of the ERS, 

SUT recommence transmission and optimize antenna pointing for maximum 

receive level. SUT cease transmission if no further antenna measurements 

follow. 

Step 19: Repeat Steps 14 through 16 for the ascending antenna movement, i.e. from 

−1° via boresight to the "upper" limit (e.g. +15° off beamcentre). 

Step 20: ERS process measurement data and produce plots of co-polar azimuth and 

elevation antenna TX diagrams including the appropriate masks. 

Figure 8.4 : Coordination Scheme during Antenna Pattern Measurements 

Figure 8.5 : Terminology for Azimuth Antenna Movement 



Cut 

Nr. 

Azimuth/Elevation Antenna Movement Direction 

1 Az +1° to CCW limit Towards East 

2 Az -1° to CW limit Towards West 

3 El +1° to lower limit Down 

4 El -1° to upper limit Up 

CW: Clockwise CCW: Counter-clockwise 

Table 8.1: Summary of Antenna Pattern Measurement 

Note: Relative azimuth angles are not corrected for non-orthogonality. They are 

therefore equivalent to angular encoder readout at the earth station. 

Note: The SUT shall drive its antenna to a start position which is offset by 0.5° to 

1.0° (depending on slew speed) to the actual commencement of the recorded 

diagram. 




10 dB/ 

DL 


Attenuator : 0 dB 




Span : 0 Hz 

Resolution bandwidth : 30 Hz (or 10 Hz) 


Sweep time : According to antenna slew speed e.g. 500 sec. 


D-Marker : OFF 

Trace : Clear write 

Display line : Position to noise floor 


CENTER 11.479 001 504 GHz 


SPAN 0 Hz 

SWP 1000 sec 

Figure 8.6 : Spectrum Analyser Display during Antenna Pattern Measurement 



9. G/T 



9 

9 

0 

To measure the gain-to-equivalent noise temperature ratio (G/T) of the earth 

station receive section. 

Verification of correct function of the receive chain(s) by confirmation of the 

expected G/T value at IF interface. 


In contrast to separate evaluation of antenna gain and system noise 

temperature, the following procedure implies the direct measurement of the 

G/T. Therefore, it is required to measure the receive level (P C ) of a reference 

carrier at the station under test. Then, the antenna under test is pointed to the 

cold sky and the noise level (P N ) is measured in a defined bandwidth. From 

these two values, the G/T is computed. 

G/T SUT = L fs,SUT + L at,SUT + B + K − EIRP SAT/SUT + R 

R = 10 Log 10 (10 (PC-PN)/10 − 1) 

if: P C − P N > 20, 

the expression (2) may be simplified to 

R = P C − P N 

G/T SUT : Gain to equivalent noise temperature ratio of SUT [dB/K] 

L fs,SUT : Free space loss towards SUT= 20*log(4.B.d.f / c) [dB] 

f = frequency (Hz) 

d = distance (m) 

c = 299792458 (m/s) 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4)


L at : Athmospheric attenuation at SUT [dB] 

B : Equivalent noise bandwidth [dBHz] 

K : Boltzmann’s constant: 

(1.38051 . 10 -23 Ws/K ≅ − 228.60 dBWs/K) [dBWs/K] 

EIRP SAT/SUT : Satellite EIRP towards SUT [dBW] 

P C : Carrier level (C + N) [dBm] 

P N : Noise level (N) [dBm] 

R : Power ratio ⎛C ------------- 

+ N⎞ 

⎝ 

[dB] 

N ⎠ 

Note: For the atmospheric attenuation, the following values are assumed under clear 

sky conditions: 11 GHz range: 0.20 dB 

12 GHz range: 0.25 dB 

Note: For spectrum analyser measurements, (3) must be valid at resolution 

bandwidth even if readout is normalized to 1 Hz. 

The satellite EIRP towards the SUT is computed from the measured value of 

satellite EIRP towards the ERS. 

where: 

EIRP SAT/SUT = EIRP SAT/ERS + L OA/ERS − L OA/SUT 

EIRP SAT/ERS : Satellite EIRP towards ERS [dBW] 

L OA/ERS : Off-axis loss towards ERS [dB] 

L OA/SUT : Off-axis loss towards SUT [dB] 

As the measurement is generally carried out by a spectrum analyser, 

corrections of the displayed noise level for bandwidth and detection must be 

applied. In modern analysers this correction is achieved by an internal routine 

which provides a direct readout of the normalized noise level (noise marker). 

Where this facility is unavailable, the operator must refer to the relevant 

instrument application notes (e.g. HP 8-series) to obtain the applicable values. 

The following figures for correction of the displayed noise level are typical: 

1. Translation from resolution bandwidth 

to noise bandwidth: ..............................................................−0.8 dB 

2. Combined correction for detector characteristics 

and logarithmic shaping:......................................................+2.5 dB 

The total typical correction is therefore: ..............................+1.7 dB. 


(5)


In this case, the actual noise level is 1.7 dB higher than the displayed figure. 

Therefore the "displayed" C/N is 1.7 dB better than the actual value of C/N. 

Care must be taken to avoid inaccuracy of the noise level measurement due to 

the contribution of the spectrum analyser. To confirm correct function of the 

whole receive chain, it is recommended to carry out the measurement at RF 

and IF level. 




A. Transmission of Reference Carrier 




Note: Disregard Step 1 if the G/T measurement is performed by the satellite beacon. 

B. Measurement of Carrier Level 

Step 2: ERS measure the satellite EIRP of the reference carrier and compute the 

corresponding EIRP towards the SUT. 

Step 3: With the antenna at boresight, SUT measure the reference carrier level at RF 

and IF interfaces. For beacon measurements, the applicable resolution 

bandwidth shall be agreed between ERS and SUT. (Figure 9.1 through 9.2). 

SUT report the value to the ERS. 

C. Measurement of Noise Level 

Step 4: At a small frequency offset (e.g. 100 kHz), SUT measure the noise level. 

Step 5: SUT move the antenna off to the satellite, preferably in azimuth by at least 5°. 

While slewing the antenna, SUT monitor the noise level. The antenna 

movement may be stopped when the noise level does no longer decrease. 

Step 6: SUT terminate the spectrum analyser input and read the noise level. 

Report the value to the ERS. 

Step 7: SUT connect the spectrum analyser to the RF interface. With identical 

settings of Steps 5, 6 above, SUT measure the noise level (Figure 9.3). SUT 

reports the value to the ERS. 

Step 8: Repeat Step 7 with the analyser connected to the IF interface. 

D. Evaluation 

Step 9: If applicable, SUT report the relevant correction factors and the bandwidth to 

ERS. SUT return the antenna to boresight. 

Step 10: ERS communicate value of the satellite EIRP to SUT and calculate the value 

of the G/T. 




10 dB/ 

SAMPLE 

ID AVG 

Measurement of Carrier Level (Note: ERS may advice to apply different 

settings) 

Reference level : Equal to level of reference carrier 



Centre frequency : ERS down-link frequency as per test plan 

(11 or 12 GHz or IF range) 





Sweep time : Auto (1.5s) 


∆-Marker : OFF, Marker peak search 




CENTER 12.541 667 000 GHz 

RES BW 10 kHz VBW 100 Hz 

MKR 12.541 667 0 GHz 

- 15.30 dBm 

SPAN 500 kHz 

SWP 1.50 sec 

Figure 9.1 : Spectrum Analyser Display during G/T Measurement 

(Carrier Level) 



5 dB/ 

SAMPLE 

ID AVG 

Measurement of Beacon Level (Note: ERS may advice to apply different 

settings) 

Reference level : Equal to beacon level 

Attenuator : 0 dB (or different value as appropriate for given 

test point) 


Centre frequency : Beacon frequency as per test plan 








∆-Marker : OFF, Marker peak search 






MKR 11.451 095 GHz 

- 40.70 dBm 

SPAN 500 kHz 

SWP 1.5 sec 


(Beacon Level) 



10 dB/ 

SAMPLE 

ID AVG 

Measurement of Noise Level (Note: ERS may advice to apply different 

settings) 

Reference level : 0.... 5 dB above noise floor 

Attenuator : 0 dB (or different value as appropriate for given 

test point) 


Centre frequency : 200 kHz below carrier/beacon frequency 







Marker noise : ON 

∆-Marker : OFF 






MKR 112.708 108 GHz 

- 104.10 dBm (1 Hz) 

SPAN 500 kHz 

SWP 1.50 sec 


(Noise Level) 



Note: The above (para. 9.4) are generally applicable if the spectrum analyser is 

connected to an LNA output. The attenuator setting to 0 dB may be 

inappropriate in case of connection to the output of a down-convertor, lineamplifier, 

etc. In any case, the carrier level indicated must be independent of 

the attenuation setting, i.e.:when changing the attenuator no change of carrier 

level should be observed. 



10 

10 

10. RECEIVE POLARIZATION 

DISCRIMINATION 

10.1. Objectives 

To measure the receive polarization isolation of the station under test at 

optimized TX polarization alignment. The measurement is carried out at 

boresight and at 8 samples within the 1 dB contour of the co-polar antenna RX 

pattern. 

Although, the measurement is not mandatory, it is recommended and it will 

provide additional aspects for the evaluation of the overall antenna 

performance. 


The ERS transmits a carrier via an EUTELSAT satellite and maintains a 

constant flux. Then at optimum TX polarization alignment (paragraph 5 

refers), the Station Under Test measures the co-polar and the cross-polar 

component of the reference carrier by comparison to an injected signal. From 

the difference in level, the RX-XPD of the SUT is computed. To eliminate 

inaccuracies due to the up-link (i.e. ERS, TX-XPD, satellite RX-XPD), the 

cross-polar satellite channel must be switched OFF or configured to a 

different down-link frequency band (e.g.: measurement at 11 GHz, crosspolar 

channel down-link at 12 GHz). 



Angular Increment [°] 

0.20 

0.15 

0.10 

0.05 

0.00 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 

Antenna Aperture Diameter [m] 

f = 10.7 GHz 

f = 11.7 GHz 

f = 12.75 GHz 

Figure 10.1 : Angular Increment (AI) for RX-XPD Measurements 

To verify the performance of the SUT antenna within the co-polar -1 dB RX 

contour, the SUT antenna is depointed in azimuth and elevation as described 

in Figure 7.1 and the measurement is conducted at each point (boresight and 

8 samples). The angular increment (AI) may be estimated by formula (1) of 

paragraph 7.2. 

To ensure accurate positioning of the antenna, a SUT equipped with a 4-port 

feed monitors the variation of the co-polar RX level of the reference carrier. 

For SUT equipped with a 2-port feed, the reference carrier shall be transmitted 

via X polarization (i.e. received via Y polarization). Hence, the SUT measures 

the cross-polar component of the reference carrier and monitors the variation 

of the satellite beacon level via the same (X) polarization. 



Satellite 

receive 

antenna 


Reference 

Station ERS 

CT 

C T 

X T + X SR 

CX 

Co - polar XDR ON 

X - Polar XDR OFF 

C : Co - polar signal 

T 

C X : X - polar signal 

X T : Station under Test - X - polar component 

XST : Satellite Transmit - X - polar component 

Figure 10.2 : Schematic Representation of the RX-XPD Measurement 


Note: Optimum TX-polarization alignment must be assured prior to this test. For 

SUT equipped with a 4-port feed the alignment of para. 4.2 remains 

unchanged and commutation from X to Y polarization is done by switching. 

Note: For SUT equipped with a 2-port feed, the optimum polarization alignment 

must be established for the Y-plane. If this has not been accomplished, test 4.2 

must be repeated prior to the following measurements. 

Step 1: During ESVA preparation and prior to commencement of ESVA testing, SUT 

check the linearity of the RX-chain(s) as follows: 

A test signal at stable amplitude and frequency (i.e. the in-station pilot) is 

injected at the input of the LNA. By means of a microwave attenuator, the 

pilot level is reduced in 10 dB steps and the corresponding power levels 

displayed on the spectrum analyser are recorded. This establishes a reference 

scale and a check of the linearity of the RX-chain(s) including the analyser 

display. 


X ST 

XT 

C T 

Satellite 

transmit 

antenna 

X T + X ST 

Station 

under 

test SUT


Step 2: SUT equipped with 2-port feed proceed with Step 5. 

Step 3: SUT inject the pilot into one of the RX chains and measure its level. 

Step 4: Under consideration of differences in the RX coupling factors, inject the same 

pilot level into the second RX chain and measure the difference relative to the 

value obtained in Step 3 above. The result is the correction factor (i.e. the RX 

gain difference) for the following RX-XPD measurements. 

Step 5: If required, CSC arranges for change of satellite configuration on request of 

ERS. 

Step 6: ERS transmit the reference carrier at frequency and EIRP as specified in the 


Note: If the SUT is equipped with a 2-port feed, the test plan shall provide a channel 

with X polarization in up-link and Y polarization in down-link. 

Step 7: SUT receive the co-polar component of the reference carrier. Set the pilot 

frequency close to the RX-frequency of the reference carrier (e.g. fPILOT = 

fREF — 200 Hz). 

Step 8: ERS transmit the reference carrier via the co-polar channel at the frequency 

and EIRP as specified in the EUTELSAT test plan. 

SUT equipped with 4-port feed proceed with Step 10. 

Step 9: SUT rotate the antenna feed by 90° and ensure that this position corresponds 

to the optimum TX polarization alignment established during test 4.2 

(compare angular readout and/or marks on feed). 

SUT equipped with 2-port feed proceed with Step 11. 

Step 10: SUT switch to orthogonal channel. 

Step 11: SUT lock to the cross-polar component of the reference carrier and measure 

the difference in level between the pilot and the cross-polar component of the 

reference carrier. If necessary, apply a correction (Step 3 above) and 

determine the XPD. 

Step 12: SUT lock to the co-polar component of the reference carrier (the satellite 

beacon for SUT equipped with 2-port feed). Move the antenna off boresight 

according to Figure 7.1. While moving the antenna, SUT monitor the 

variation of the RX level and control the movement accordingly, (Table 7.1 

refers). 

Step 13: Repeat Steps 11 and 12 for each point of the sequence described in Figure 7.1. 

Step 14: SUT report results to EUTELSAT. 




10 dB / 

Co-polar Reception 



Scale : 5 dB or 10 dB/Division 



Span : 2 kHz 



Video average : OFF 



∆-Marker : activated 

Trace : Max. Hold A 



MKR -492 Hz 

-1.60 dB 

CENTER 11. 451 086 55 GHz SPAN 2 kHz 

RES BW 30 Hz VBW 30 Hz SWP 6.67 sec 

Figure 10.3 : Spectrum Analyser Display during RX-XPD Measurement 

Co-polar Reception 



10 dB / 

Cross Polar Reception 



Scale : 5 dB or 10 dB/Division 



Span : 2 kHz 



Video average : OFF 



∆-Marker : activated 

Trace : Max. Hold A 



MKR -478 Hz 

-40.40 dB 

CENTER 11. 451 086 55 GHz SPAN 2 kHz 

RES BW 30 Hz VBW 30 Hz SWP 6.67 sec 

Figure 10.4 : Spectrum Analyser Display during RX-XPD Measurement 

X-pol Reception 



11 

11 

0 

11. RECEIVE SIDELOBES (INCLUDING 

RECEIVE GAIN) 


To record the receive antenna diagram of the station under test. Although the 

measurement is not mandatory, it is recommended and it will provide 

additional aspects for the evaluation of the overall antenna performance. 


11.2.1. Antenna Pattern 

The ERS transmits a carrier via an EUTELSAT satellite and maintains a 

constant flux. Alternatively, the station under test may lock to a satellite 

beacon signal. Then, the station under test records the receive level as 

function of the slewing angle in azimuth and elevation. Due to the nonorthogonality 

of the rotational axes, the azimuth angle is corrected according 

to formula 1 of paragraph 8.2. For evaluation of the antenna performance, the 

envelope of Figure 8.1 is applied. 

11.2.2. Receive Gain 

If the station under test is equipped with a receive coupler, the antenna receive 

gain may be calculated at known satellite EIRP. During ESVA preparation, 

the values of the RX coupling factor and the loss between the RX coupler and 

the antenna flange (or interface where the antenna gain is defined) have to be 

obtained by in-station measurement. 



Figure 11.1 : Block Diagram of SUT RX-Chain 

At known satellite EIRP, the RX gain is given by: 

where: 

GRX : Antenna receive gain of SUT [dBi] 

LRX : RX feed Loss 

PPt : Level of in-station pilot at injection point 

CRX : RX coupling factor 

EIRPSAT/SUT : Satellite EIRP towards SUT 

Lfs/SUT : Free space loss towards SUT 

Lat/SUT : Athmospheric loss for reception at SUT 

30 : Conversion dBW ⇒ dBm 

[dB] 

[dBm] 

[dB] 

[dBm] 

[dB] 

[dB] 

[dB] 

The satellite EIRP towards the SUT is computed from the measured value of 

satellite EIRP towards the ERS. 

where: 

G RX 

RX - Feed Loss RX - Coupler LNA 

L RX 

10.95 - 12.75 GHz 

In-Station Pilot Injection 

EIRP SAT/ERS : Satellite EIRP towards ERS [dBW] 

L OA/ERS : Off-axis loss towards ERS [dB] 

L OA/SUT : Off-axis loss towards SUT [dB] 

To appreciate the measurement results, the theoretical expected value of the 

receive gain may be calculated according to (3) of para. 6.2.4. 


C RX 

G RX = P Pt + L RX − C RX − (EIRP SAT/SUT − L fs/SUT − L at/SUT + 30) 

P PT 

EIRP SAT/SUT = EIRP SAT/ERS + L OA/ERS − L OA/SUT 

RF-SPECTRUM 

ANALYSER 

(1) 

(2)



A. Transmission of Reference Carrier 




Note: Disregard Step 1 if the antenna measurement is performed by the satellite 

beacon. 

B. Calibration of Receive Chain 

Step 2: With the SUT antenna at boresight, SUT adjust the spectrum analyser and 

confirm linearity of receive and test equipment. 

If the SUT is not equipped with a receive coupler go to Step 6. 

Step 3: Verification of linearity may be achieved by injection of a in-station pilot via 

a coupler prior to the LNA input. The pilot level shall be equal to the received 

carrier at frequency which is approximately 10 kHz apart. 

Step 4: SUT communicate receive coupling factor and receive feed loss to ERS. ERS 

evaluate satellite EIRP towards SUT and calculate antenna receive gain. 

Step 5: SUT report the in-station pilot level at the LNA output and reduce the pilot in 

10 dB steps from relative 0 dB to −50 dB. 

C. Azimuth Pattern 

Step 6: SUT remove the in-station pilot and lock to the reference carrier. Except for 

the centre frequency, all analyser settings must remain unchanged from 

Step 5. 

Step 7: SUT move the antenna counter clockwise (i.e. to the East) in azimuth until the 

receive level is in the order of the noise floor (e.g. to −20°). 

Step 8: While recording the receive level, SUT slew the antenna in azimuth via 

boresight to the corresponding clockwise (i.e. West) position (e.g. +20°). 

Step 9: SUT slew the antenna to beam centre and optimize pointing for maximum 

receive level. 

D. Elevation Pattern 

Step 10: SUT descend the antenna in elevation until the receive level is in order of the 

noise floor (e.g. −15°). 

Step 11: While recording the receive level, SUT rise the antenna in elevation via 

boresight to the corresponding upper position (e.g. +15°). 

Step 12: SUT slew the antenna to beamcentre and optimize pointing for maximum 

receive level. 

Step 13: SUT process measurement data and produce plots of the co-polar azimuth and 

elevation antenna receive diagrams including the appropriate envelopes. 

Step 14: SUT inform ERS of measurement conclusion and forward results to 

EUTELSAT. 




10 dB/ 

DL 






Span : 0 Hz 

Resolution bandwidth : 30 Hz (or 10 Hz) 


Sweep time : According to antenna slew speed e.g. 500 

sec. 


∆-Marker : OFF 

Trace : Clear write 

Display line : Position to noise floor 


CENTER 11.479 001 504 GHz 


SPAN 0 Hz 

SWP 1000 sec 

Figure 11.2 : Spectrum Analyser Display during Antenna Pattern Measurement 



Annex A. Request for ESVA Format 

The form on the next page should be used to require ESVA for an existing 

earth station. After completion, it should be sent to the address indicated in 

Annex D of this Module. 



Page 

intentionally 

blank 


From: ____________________________________ 

_________________________________________ 

_________________________________________ 

To : EUTELSAT 

System Verification Test Section 

Fax : + 33 1 5398 3741 E-mail: fschurig@eutelsat.fr 

kbadalov@eutelsat.fr 

1. EARTH STATION UNDER TEST 

EUTELSAT Earth Station Verification Assistance (ESVA) is hereby requested for 

the following station: 

1.1. Earth Station Name: ........................................................................................... 

1.2. EUTELSAT Code: ................................................................................................ 

2. ESVA TEST PROGRAMME 

3. REMARKS 

............................................................................................................................... 

............................................................................................................................... 

............................................................................................................................... 

SIGNATURE : ................................. DATE : ........................................................ 

ã indicate as appropriate 

FACSIMILE / E-MAIL 

TRANSMISSION 

N°. of pages 

including this one : 1 

ESVA Request for a EUTELSAT Approved Earth Station 

2.1. Tests to be conducted ã : 2.2. Requested period : 

a) Earth Station EIRP a) Earliest start:___ / ___ / ___ 

b) Transmit Frequency b) Finished before:___ / ___ / ___ 

c) Polarization Alignment 

d) Transmit Polarization Isolation 

e) Earth Station G / T 

f) TX Sidelobe Pattern 

g) RX Sidelobe Pattern 

h) Other (describe on separate page)


Annex B. Questionnaire 

The form on the next page is used to provide EUTELSAT with specific data 

relevant to any forthcoming ESVA or Earth Station Test activity. This 

information is required to ensure smooth implementation of measurements 

and is normally not part of the EUTELSAT Earth Station database. With 

submission of the completed form, the station operator re-confirms and 

guarantees his adequate preparation and readiness for test activities. 



Page 

intentionally 

blank 


FROM : ____________________________________________ 

____________________________________________ 

____________________________________________ 

TO: EUTELSAT - Division 10 

System Verification Test Section Fax: + 33 (1) 53 98 37 41 

1) GUARANTEE 

Preparation of Forthcoming ESVA 

FACSIMILE 

TRANSMISSION 

Total N°. of Pages: 

This is to re-confirm that _________________________________ earth station, appropriate test equipment and staff 

will be ready for the ESVA test planned for ______________________________. 

ESOG Vol.I, Module 130 is available at the station under test. 

2) E/S PARAMETERS 

Signal Source HPA TX 

Coupler 

12.9 - 13.25 GHz (I) 

13.75 - 14.0 GHz (II) 

14.0 - 14.5 GHz (III) 

17.3 - 18.1 GHz (IY) 

29.5 - 30.0 GHz (V) 

EIRP Monitor Point 

CTX 

Pm 

TX - Powermeter 

Post Coupler 

losses 

LTX 

GTX 

Antenna 

EIRP SUT 

Are there other EIRP monitor points which may be used during following line-up and / or operations ? 

Yes No If " YES", please state details on a separate sheet. 

TX Chain Designation 

TX Coupling Factor C TX [dB] 

Post Coupler Loss L TX [dB] 

3) E/S CONFIGURATION 

Feed Type 

2-port 4-port 

Phase Combiner 

Yes No 

Number of LNA/B/C(s) :______________________ 

LNANoise Temperature :_____________________°K 

Test Equipment Type 

Signal Source _______________________________ 

Power Meter _______________________________ 

Analyzer _______________________________ 

Antenna Positioning 

Electrical Manual 

Number of HPA(s): ___________ 

Antenna Slew Speed 

Freq. Stab. __________ Hz/min. 

Az. __________ °/s 

El. __________ °/s 

4) OPERATIONS 

Test Manager Contact during ESVA 

Name 

Phone 

Fax 

Earth station block diagram is attached Yes No 

5) REMARKS 

_________________________________________________________________________________ 

_________________________________________________________________________________ 

_________________________________________________________________________________ 

SIGNATURE : ____________________ Date : ________________


Annex C. List of Abbreviations 

AI Angular Increment 

C/N Carrier to Noise Ratio 

CCIR International Radio Consultative Committee 

(Comité Consultatif International de Radiocommunications) 

CCW Counter-Clockwise 

CSC EUTELSAT Communications System Control Centre 

CW Clockwise 

CW Continuous Wave (clean carrier) 

DATE Duly Authorized Telecommunications Entity 

E/S Earth Station 

EIRP Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power 

ERS EUTELSAT Reference Station 

ESA European Space Agency 

ESOG EUTELSAT System Operations Guide 

ESVA Earth Station Verification Assistance 

ETS 1A EUTELSAT Test Station (ERS at Rambouillet) 

ETS 1B EUTELSAT Test Station (ERS at Rambouillet) 

EUTELSAT European Telecommunications Satellite Organization 

G/T Gain to Equivalent Noise Temperature Ratio 

HPA High Power Amplifier 

IF Intermediate Frequency 

IPFD Input Flux Density 

LNA Low Noise Amplifier 

LNB Low Noise Block Converter 

LNC Low Noise Converter 

RF Radio Frequency 

RX Receive 

SUT Station Under Test 

TMS Test and Monitoring Station (ERS at Redu/Belgium) 

TX Transmit 

UTC Universal Time Coordinate 

(previously GMT i.e. Greenwich Mean Time) 

XDR Transponder 

XPD Cross-Polarization Discrimination 



Page 

intentionally 

blank 



Annex D. ESVA Contact Points 

Planning and 

Coordination 


System Verification Test Section 

70, rue Balard 

75502 PARIS Cedex 

Phone Fax 

+33.1.53.98.48.25 

+33.1.53.98.49.76 

+33.1.53.98.37.41 

ESVA Reference Station 

ETS 1A and 1B, 

Rambouillet, FRANCE 

Phone Fax 

+33.1.34.85.97.17 

+33.1.53.98.44.09 

+33.1.34.84.20.34 


TMS1/4, 

Redu, BELGIUM 

Phone Fax 

+32.6122.9553 

+32.6122.9511 

+32.6122.9544 


AUT-AFL-005 

Aflenz, AUSTRIA 

Phone Fax 

+43.3863.2181.0 +43.3863.2630 

+43.3863.2181.235 E-mail 

znk.efa.wien@telekom.at 


UKI-GHY-008 

Goonhilly, UK 

Phone Fax 

+ 44.1872.325452/7 

+ 44.1872.325447 (day only) 

+44.1872.325509 

Space Segment Access EUTELSAT - CSC, Paris, FRANCE 

Phone Fax 

+33.1.53983411 +33.1.53 98 33 33 

+33.1.53983443 E-mail 

csc@eutelsat.fr 



Page 

intentionally 

blank 



Annex E. EUTELSAT Beacons 

1. Beacon Data Sheet 

2. Examples for Beacon Coverage areas 

2.1) W2, 12 GHz Beacon 

2.2) W2, Global Beacon 

2.3) EUTELSAT II-F4, 11 GHz Beacon 

2.4) EUTELSAT II-F4, 12 GHz Beacon 



Page 

intentionally 

blank 


1) Beacon Data Sheet 

operational spare global steerable spare operational operational spare global X-Pol Y-Pol 

KA-Band 

X-Pol 

I-F4 25.5° E 11 449.650 - - - - - 17.18 - - - - - 

I-F5 14.8° W 11 448.950 - - - - - 17.08 - - - - - 

II-F1 48.0° E 11 451.091 11 451.830 - - 12 541.667 - - - - 15.55 15.50 - 14.15 - - 

II-F2 12.5° W 11 451.091 11 450.350 - - 12 541.667 - - - - 12.35 15.50 - 12.95 - - 

II-F3 35.9° E 11 451.830 11 452.570 - - 12 541.667 - - - - 14.47 15.70 - 15.17 - - 

II-F4 10.0° E 11 451.091 11 452.570 - - 12 541.667 - - - - 14.53 16.60 - 15.03 - - 

Hot BirdTM 1 13.0° E 11 449.610 11 450.350 - - - - 13.17 15.40 - 

Hot BirdTM 2 13.0° E 11 702.200 11 703.400 - - - - 13.37 13.40 - 

Hot BirdTM 3 13.0° E 11 702.800 11 704.000 - - 12 500.000 - - - - 11.67 13.00 - 15.57 - - 

Hot BirdTM 4 13.0° E 11 704.600 11 705.800 - - - - 12.67 14.20 - 

Hot BirdTM 5 13.0° E 11 701.000 11 699.800 - - - - 12.47 14.00 - 

Hot BirdTM Status: 07/00 

Beacon Frequency [MHz] Operational Beacon EIRP towards Beam Centre 

Satellite 

Orbital 

Position 

11 GHz 

X ( Horizontal ) Polarization 

12 GHz 

operational 

KA-Band 

Y Polarization 

11 GHz 

[dBW] 

12 GHz 

6 13.0° E 11 700.400 11 701.600 - - - - - 19 701.000 - - - - - - - 

W1 10.0° E 11 450.500 11 451.000 - - 12 500.250 - 12 749.750 

W2 16.0° E 11 698.000 11 699.200 11 199.000 - 12 501.000 - - - - 17.07 17.10 16.15 18.87 - - 

W3 7.0 E 11 698.600 11 699.800 11 199.500 - 12 501.000 - - - - - - 15.85 18.49 - - 

W4 36.0°E 11 706.850 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 

EUROBIRD TM 28.5° E 11 452.570 11 451.091 - 11 200.000 12 501.000 - - - - - - - - - - 

ATLANTIC BIRD TM 12.5° W 11 703.400 11 704.600 - - 12 500.150 12 749.850 - - - - - - - - - 

SESAT 36.0°E 11 450.350 11 451.091 - 11 199.500 12 501.000 - - - - - - - - - - 

TELECOM 2A 8.0° W - - - - 12 502.500 - 12 501.500 - 12 500.500 - - - 25.32 16.57 - 

TELECOM 2D 8.0° W 11 450.500 - - - - - - - 11 452.500 - - - - - - 

TELSTAR 12 14.8° W 11 450.500 11 451.000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 

DFS-2 KOPERNIKUS 28.5° E - - - - - - - 19 701.750 11 452.700 - - - - - - 

EXPRESS 3A 11.0° W - - - - - - - - 11 400.000 - - - - - -

2.1) W2 at 16°E, 12 GHz Beacon Coverage 

2.2) W2 at 16°E, Global Beacon Coverage

2.3) EUTELSAT II-F4 at 10°E, 11 GHz Beacon 

Remark: Values refer to the central spectral component (∃∅) of beacon signal 

2.4) EUTELSAT II-F4 at 10°E, 12GHz Beacon Coverage


Annex F. Frequency Plans 

The next pages show the transponder configurations and frequency plans for 

the following satellites: 

EUTELSAT-I 

EUTELSAT-II 

HOT BIRD TM 1....6 

EUTELSAT W1....W4 

SESAT 

EUROBIRD TM 

ATLANTIC BIRD TM 

TELECOM 2A and 2D 

DFS 2 - KOPERNIKUS 

TELSTAR 12 

EXPRESS 3A 



Page 

intentionally 

blank 


UP-LINK 

DOWN-LINK 

Transponder N° 




10 991.667 

14 041.667 

1X 2X 3X 

14 125.000 

14 208.333 

14.00 GHz 14.50 GHz 

10/14 11 12 

7 8 9 

11 075.000 

10/14 11 12 7 8 9 

4/13 5 6 1X 2X 3X 

11 158.333 

14 291.667 

4X 

4Y 

5X 6X 

5Y 6Y 

EUTELSAT I Transponder Frequency Plan 

(Frequency in MHz) 

11 450.000 

14 375.000 

11 575.000 

14 458.333 

11 658.333 

Pol. X 

Pol. Y 

10.95 GHz 11.20 GHz 11.45 GHz 11.7 GHz 12.5 GHz 12.58 GHz 

1 2 3 4 5 6 13 

EB/SW 

EB/SW 

1Y 2Y 3Y 

4/13 5 6 

SE 

SE 

Ft=3300 

EB/SW 

EB/SW 

Ft=2550 

7 8 9 10 11 12 14 

Beacon 

1 2 3 

SW 

SW 

SE/SA 

SA 

Ft=1500 

SW 

SW 

12 541.667 

1S 

2S 

SMS 

SMS 

Pol. X 

Pol. Y 

EUTELSAT I LAUNCH 

F1* : 16.06.83 

F2 : 04.08.84 

F3 : 16.09.87 

F5 : 21.07.88 

* No transponder 13 / 14 

Beacon Frequencies 

EUT I-F4 11 449.650 

EUT I-F5 11 448.950 

BW : 72

BW : 72 

BW : 36 

UP - LINK 

TRANSPONDER 

NUMBER 

TRANSPONDER NUMBER 


CHANNEL ID 

CHANNEL ID 

CHANNEL ID 

CHANNEL ID 

14 

9 

1 2 

10 

11 

e/t 

6 7 8 

3 

e/t 

W W W 

W 

14.00 14.25 14.50 

20 21 22 

45 46 37/47 38/48 39/49 

12 

e/t 

4 

e/t 

5 

e/t 

13 

e/t 

40 41 32/42 33/43 32/42 34/44 

14 021.410 

DOWN - LINK 

6 7 8 

15 16 

11e 12e 13e 

W 

W 

25 26 27 

14 

15 

W E 

W 

16 

20 21 22 

32 33 

9 10 11t 12t 13t 

3e 4e 5e 1 2 3t 4t 5t 

W 

E 

34 40 41 42 43 44 

W 

E W E W 

TRANSPONDER 

25 26 27 

37 38 39 

45 46 47 48 49 

NUMBER 

10.95 11.20 11.45 11.70 12.50 12.75 

10 991.667 

11 075.000 

14 042.160 

14 062.910 

14 083.660 

14 104.410 

14 125.160 

ft = 3300 

11 158.333 

14 145.910 

14 166.660 

11 GHz 

Beacon 

14 208.160 

14 208.333 

ft = 2550 

11 554.410 

14 291.667 

11 575.160 

ft = 1500 

11 595.910 

11 616.660 

14 375.000 

11 658.333 

11 658.160 

14 458.333 

12 521.410 

EUTELSAT II Frequency Plan 


12 GHz 

Beacon 

12 542.160 

E 

POLARIZATION X 

POLARIZATION Y 

12 562.910 

12 583.660 

W 

12 604.410 

12 625.160 

E 

12 645.910 

12 666.660 

W 

EUTELSAT II LAUNCH 

F1 : 31.08.90 

F2 : 15.01.91 

F3 : 07.12.91 

F4* : 09.07.92 

* Modified coverage of West TX antenna 

12 708.333 

12 708.160 

E 

W 

E 

E 

East antenna 

West antenna 

Beacon Frequencies 

II-F1 : 11451.091 / 11451.830 

II-F2 : 11451.830 / 11450.350 

II-F3 : 11452.570 / 11451.830 

II-F4 : 11451.091 / 11452.570 

12 GHz F1-F4 : 12541.667 



SHU/98/012

UP- LINK 

DOWN- LINK 

12.90 GHz 

12 916.340 

11.20 GHz 

11 220.750 

12 937.090 

11 241.500 

12 957.840 

11 262.250 

12 978.590 

11 283.000 

12 999.340 

11 303.750 

13 020.090 

11 324.500 

13 040.840 

11 345.250 

13 061.590 

11 366.000 

13 082.340 

11 386.750 

13 103.090 

11 407.500 

13 123.840 

11 428.250 

13 144.590 

11 449.000 

13 167.000 

11 471.410 

13 187.750 

11 492.160 

13 208.500 

11 512.910 

13 229.250 

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 

Beacon 11 449.610 

(11 450.350) 

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 

13.25 GHz 

11 533.660 

Pol. X 

Pol. Y 

Ft = 1695.59 

Hot Bird TM 1 Frequency Plan 


11.70 GHz 

Pol. X 

Pol. Y 

Receive 

(up-link) 

Superwide 

(dn-link) 

BW : 36 

HOT BIRD 1 launch : 

29.03.95 

Antenna on 

Earth Panel 

Antenna on 

Earth Panel 

SHU/98/011

SHU/96/006 

UP - LINK 


Channel ID 

Channel ID 


13.75 GHz 

DOWN - LINK 

11.45 GHz 


Channel ID 

Channel ID 


D1 D3 D5 

13854.41 

13875.16 

13916.66 

13958.16 

37 38 39 

D2 D4 D6 

32 33 34 

13895.91 

11554.41 

13958.33 

11575.16 

14.00 GHz 17.30 GHz 18.10 GHz 

11595.91 

11616.66 

11658.33 

32 33 34 

D2 D4 D6 

36 38 39 

11658.16 

11727.48 

17327.48 

11.70 GHz 

E1 E3 E5 E7 E9 E11 E13 E15 E17 

11746.66 

E2 E4 E6 E8 E10 E12 E14 E16 E18 E20 

17346.66 

11765.84 

17365.84 

11785.02 

17385.02 

11804.20 

17404.20 

11823.38 

17423.38 

11842.56 

17442.56 

11861.74 

17461.74 

11880.92 

17480.92 

50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 

11900.10 

17500.10 

11919.28 

17519.28 

11938.46 

17538.46 

11957.64 

17557.64 

11976.82 



17576.82 

11996.00 

17596.00 

12015.18 

17615.18 

12034.36 

17634.36 

12053.54 

17653.54 

12072.72 

17672.72 

E19 

51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 

fT=2300 fT=5600 

Beacon 

11 702.200 

(11 703.400) 

51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 

D1 D3 D5 E2 E4 E6 E8 E10 E12 E14 E16 E18 E20 

E1 E3 E5 E7 E9 E11 E13 E15 E17 E19 

50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 

12091.90 

17691.90 

12.50 GHz 

Polarisation X 

Polarisation Y 



C1 Launch : 

Receive 

(up-link) 

Transmit 

(dn-link) 

Wide 

Super 

21.11.1996 

BW : 36 

BW : 33 

BW : 72 

Antenna on 

Earth Panel 

Antenna 

West East 

Y X

UP - LINK 


14048.61 

14125.00 

14208.33 

14291.67 

14375.00 

14458.33 

Channel ID F2 F4 F6 B2 B4 B6 

E21 E23 E25 E27 E29 E31 E33 E35 E37 E39 Polarisation X 

Channel ID F1 F3 F5 B1 B3 B5 

E22 E24 E26 E28 E30 E32 E34 E36 E38 E40 



14.00 GHz 14.50 GHz 17.30 GHz 18.10 GHz 

14041.67 

10991.67 

14125.00 

11075.00 

14208.33 

11158.33 

14291.67 

14375.00 

14458.33 

DOWN - LINK 

10.95 GHz 11.20 GHz 11.70 GHz 12.50 GHz 12.75 GHz 


Channel ID 

Channel ID 


45 47 49 25 26 27 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 

40 42 44 20 21 22 

71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 

fT=3300 

Switchable to Steerable Coverage (channel-by-channel) 

11 GHz Beacon 

11 702.800 

(11 704.000) 

12111.08 

12130.26 

12149.44 

12168.62 

12187.80 

12206.98 

12226.16 

fT=5600 

12245.34 

12264.52 

12283.70 



17711.08 

12302.88 

17730.26 

12322.06 

17749.44 

12341.24 

17768.62 

12360.42 

17787.80 

fT = 1 5 0 0 

20 21 22 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 

B1 B3 B5 

E22 E24 E26 E28 E30 E32 E34 E36 E38 E40 

B2 B4 B6 E21 E23 E25 E27 E29 E31 E33 E35 E37 E39 

25 26 27 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 

12379.60 

17806.98 

12398.78 

17826.16 

12417.96 

17845.34 

12437.14 

17864.52 

12465.91 

17883.70 

17902.88 

12475.50 

12 GHz Beacon 

17922.06 

12 500.000 

17941.24 

12541.67 

12548.61 

17960.42 

17979.60 

17998.78 

12625.00 

18017.96 

18037.14 

18065.91 

12708.33 

18075.50 

40 42 44 

F1 F3 F5 

F2 F4 F6 

45 47 49 

Pol. X 

Pol. Y 

Receive 

(up-link) 

Transmit 

(dn-link) 

Steerable 

Spot 

BW : 33 

BW : 49.5 

BW : 72 

C2 Launch : 

29/07/1996 : 

Antenna on 

Earth Panel 

Antenna on 

Earth Panel 

Antenna West East 

Wide 

Y X 

Super 

X 

BW : 60 

Y 

SHU/98/009

UP -LINK 

13.75 GHz 14.00 GHz 17.30 GHz 18.10 GHz 


Channel ID 

Channel ID 


DOWN - LINK 


Channel ID 

Channel ID 


10727.13 

10775.08 

13884.92 

13923.28 

13963.28 

F7 F9 F11 E27 

F6 F8 F10 F12 

13865.74 

10815.08 

13904.10 

10853.44 

13942.46 

10891.80 

13980.82 

10.70 GHz 10.95 GHz 11.70 GHz 12.50 GHz 

10719.18 

10757.54 

10795.90 

10930.16 

17826.16 

17864.52 

17883.70 

12283.70 

17902.88 

96 98 100 76 78 80 82 110 112 114 116 118 120 122 

10834.26 

10872.62 

10910.98 

10949.34 

Switchable to Steerable (channel-by-channel) 

12226.16 

17922.06 

12322.06 

17941.24 

E29 E31 E33 

E30 E32 E34 E36 

12264.52 

12302.88 

12341.24 

17960.42 

12360.42 

17998.78 

12398.78 

18119.18 

18127.13 



18157.54 

18175.08 

18195.90 

18215.08 

12615.74 

18234.26 

18253.44 

12654.10 

18272.62 

18291.80 

12692.46 

18310.98 

A1 A3 A5 A7 A9 A11 A13 

A2 A4 A6 A8 A10 A12 

95 97 99 101 79 81 83 85 111 113 115 117 119 121 

fT = 1 2 5 0fT=5600 

fT = 7 4 0 0 

Beacon 

11 704.600 

(11 705.800) 

111 113 115 117 119 121 79 81 83 85 95 97 99 101 

A2 A4 A6 A8 A10 A12 E30 E32 E34 E36 

F6 F8 F10 F12 

A1 A3 A5 A7 A9 A11 A13 

E27 E29 E31 E33 F7 F9 F11 

110 112 114 116 118 120 122 76 78 80 82 96 98 100 

SKYPLEX or Transparent Operation 

12634.92 

12673.28 

12713.28 

18330.16 

12730.82 

18349.34 18.40 GHz 

12.75 GHz 





Receive 

(up-link) 

Transmit 

(dn-link) 

Steerable 

Spot 

BW : 36 

BW : 33 

BW : 72 

C3 Launch : 

27.02.1998 

Antenna on 

Earth Panel 

Antenna on 

Earth Panel 

Antenna West East 

Wide 

Y Y 

Super 

X 

X 

SHU/98/008

UP - LINK 

DOWN - LINK 


Channel ID 

Channel ID 


14.00 GHz 14.25 GHz 14.50 GHz 

14 019.18 

14 038.36 

14 057.54 

14 076.72 

14 095.90 

14 115.08 

14 134.26 

14 153.44 

14 172.62 

14 191.80 

14 210.98 

14 230.16 

14 250.66 

14 271.41 

14 292.16 


10 971.41 

10 992.16 

11 012.91 

11 033.66 

11 054.41 

11 075.16 

11 095.91 


11 116.66 

Channel ID 

Channel ID 


11 158.33 

123 125 127 129 131 

B1 B3 B5 B7 B9 

B2 B4 B6 B8 B10 

124 126 128 130 132 

11 179.08 

SKYPLEX or Transparent Operation 

fT=3279.25 

154 156 158 

D2 D4 D6 

90 92 94 

F1 F3 F5 

D1 D3 D5 D7 F2 F4 B1 B3 B5 B7 B9 

14 312.91 

14 333.66 

14 354.41 

11 565.74 

14 375.16 

11 584.92 

14 395.91 

11 604.10 

11 623.28 

14 437.58 

11 642.46 



14 458.33 

124 126 128 130 132 

B2 B4 B6 B8 B10 

153 155 157 159 91 93 123 125 127 129 131 

fT=2453.44 

fT=1633.60 

154 156 158 

11 661.64 

11 680.82 

153 155 157 159 

D1 D3 D5 D7 

D2 D4 D6 

Beacon 



11 701.000 

(11 699.800) 

12 519.84 

12 539.02 

12 558.20 

12 577.38 

91 93 

F2 F4 

F1 F3 F5 

90 92 94 

12 596.56 



C4 Launch : 

BW :33 (or 36 MHz for D channels) 

BW :72 MHz 

10.11.1998 

SHU/98/007

UPLINK 

13.75 GHz 

13 808.20 

DOWNLINK 

13 846.56 

14.00 GHz 14.25 GHz 

14 019.18 

14 038.36 

14 057.54 

14 076.72 

14 095.90 

14 115.08 

116 118 

154 156 158 90 92 94 124 126 128 130 132 134 

115 117 153 155 157 159 91 93 123 125 127 129 131 133 

13 789.02 

13 827.38 

2973.94 

10.70 GHz 10.95 GHz 

10 815.08 

10 853.44 

115 117 

116 118 

10 834.26 

10 872.62 

BW : 72 

BW : 36 (33) 

10 971.41 

10 992.16 

11 012.91 

11 033.66 

11 054.41 

11 075.16 

11 095.91 

11 116.66 

14 134.26 

14 153.44 

14 172.62 

3279.25 

11 137.41 

11.20 GHz 11.45 GHz 

11 158.16 

14 191.80 

11 178.91 

123 125 127 129 131 133 

124 126 128 130 132 134 

11 199.66 

14 210.98 

14 230.16 

14 250.66 

2453.44 

14 271.41 

14 292.16 

14 312.91 

14 333.66 

14 354.41 

14 375.16 

14 395.91 

11 565.74 

14 416.66 

11 584.92 

14 437.41 

11 604.10 

11 623.28 

14.50 GHz 

14 458.16 

11 642.46 

14 478.91 

11 661.64 

Pol. X 

Pol. Y 

11.70 GHz 12.50 GHz 12.75 GHz 

11 680.82 

153 155 157 159 

154 156 158 

(11 701.6) 

11 700.4 

HOT BIRD TM 6 FREQUENCY PLAN 


11 GHz Beacon 

1933.6 

12 519.84 

12 539.02 

12 558.20 

12 577.38 

91 93 

90 92 94 

12 596.56 

HOT BIRD TM 6 Launch 

Pol. X 

Pol. Y 

29.5 GHz 30.0 GHz 

29 529.18* 

19.7 GHz 

29 548.36* 

K154 

K153 

29 548.00 

19 748.00 

19 729.18* 

19701 

K153 

K154 

19 748.36* 

* Skyplex unit center frequency 

Possible use of Skyplex units 

29 625.08* 

K158 

K159 

19 825.08* 

29 644.26* 

29 642.00 

1933.6 9800 

KA Beacon 

19 844.26* 

19 842.00 

K159 

K158 

Pol. X 

Pol. Y 

20.2 GHz 

Pol. X 

Pol. Y

13.75 GHz 14.00 GHz 14.25 GHz 14.50 GHz 

10.95 GHz 11.20 GHz 11.45 GHz 11.70 GHz 

12.50 GHz 12.75 GHz 

10 991.670 10 991.670 

B1 

B2 

11 075.000 11 075.000 

B3 

B4 

13 773.060 

13 839.770 

11 158.330 11 158.330 

13 906.630 

13 968.880 

D2 D4 D6 D8 

D1 D3 D5 D7 

13 773.060 

13 839.770 

13 906.630 

13 968.880 

D2S D4S D6S D8S 


3.3 GHz 

Fixed Coverage 

Steerable Coverage 

B5 

B6 

11 450.500 

11 451.000 

B1 

11 473.060 

11 473.060 

14 041.670 14 041.670 

F2 

F1 

11 539.770 

11 539.770 

14 125.000 14 125.000 

F4 

F3 

11 606.630 

11 606.630 

14 208.330/ 

14 199.330 

14 208.330 

11 668.880 

11 668.880 

14 291.670 14 291.670 

2.3 GHz 1.5 GHz 

D1 D3 D5 D7 

D2 D4 D6 D8 

F6 

F5 



B2 

B1 

14 375.000 14 375.000 

B4 

B3 

12 500.250 B2a 

W1 FREQUENCY PLAN (Former RESSAT) 


14 458.330 14 458.330 

B6 

B5 

12 541.670 12 541.670 

F1 

F2 

X 

Y 

12 625.000 12 625.000 

F3 

F4 

12 708.330 12 708.330 

F5 

F6 

Fixed or Steerable Coverage (uplink only) 

W1 Launch 

D3(S) D4(S) 

D5(S) D8(S) 

D1(S) D2(S) 

Fixed and/or Steerable Coverage (uplink only) 

B, F BW : 72 

12 749.750 

B2b 

X 

Y 

BW : 62 

BW : 54 

BW : 40

UP - LINK 


Channel ID 

Channel ID 


DOWN - LINK 

13.00 GHz 13.25 GHz 13.75 GHz 

14.00 GHz 14.25 GHz 14.50 GHz 

13 001.00 

13 021.75 

13 042.50 

13 167.00 

D1 D3 D5 D7 D9 F2 F4 F6 

D2 D4 D6 D8 D10 F1 F3 F5 


10 991.67 

13 104.75 

13 125.50 

11 075.00 

13 187.75 

13 208.50 

C1 C3 C5 C7 C9 C11 

C2 C4 C6 C8 C10 C12 

13 063.25 

13 084.00 

13 146.25 

13 229.25 

fT =1780.25 

11 158.33 

St. spot Beacon 

11 199.000 

B1 B3 B5 

B2 B4 B6 

Switchable to Steerable Beam 

11 220.75 

11 241.50 

11 262.25 

11 283.00 

13 771.41 

11 303.75 

13 792.16 

11 324.50 

13 812.91 

13 833.66 

fT = 3 3 00 

13 854.41 

13 875.16 

11 407.50 

13 895.91 

13 916.66 

C2 C4 C6 C8 C10 C12 D2 D4 D6 D8 D10 

C1 C3 C5 C7 C9 C11 

11 345.25 

11 366.00 

11 386.75 

11 428.25 

11 449.00 

13 958.33 

13 958.16 

EUTELSAT W2 Frequency Plan 


11 512.91 

14 041.67 

D1 D3 D5 D7 

11 471.41 

fT =2300 

11 492.16 

11 533.66 

11 554.41 

11 575.16 

11 595.91 

11 616.66 

14 125.00 

11 658.16 

(11 699.200) 

11 698.000 

11GHz Beacon 

D9 

11 658.33 

14 208.33 

fT = 1500 

12 GHz Beacon 

12 501.000 

14 291.67 

B2 B4 B6 

B1 B3 B5 

12 541.67 

14 375.00 

12 625.00 

14 458.33 

12 708.33 

F1 F3 F5 

F2 F4 F6 

W2 Launch : 





BW : 72 BW : 36 

05/10/1998 

SHU/98/005

UP - LINK 

13.00 GHz 

DOWN - LINK 

13 021.75 

10 991.67 

13 104.75 

11 075.00 

13 167.00 

13 187.75 

C2 C4 C6 C8 C10 C12 

C1 C3 C5 C7 C9 C11 

13 001.00 

13 042.50 

13 063.25 

13 084.00 

13 125.50 

13 146.25 

fT = 1780.250 

11 158.33 

B1 B3 B5 

B2 B4 B6 

13.25 GHz 13.75 GHz 

14.00 GHz 14.25 GHz 14.50 GHz 

11 241.50 

11 324.50 

11 407.50 

D9 


Widebeam fixed or steerable coverage (channel-by-channel) 

Widebeam fixed coverage 

13 208.50 

13 229.25 

11 199.500 

St. spot Beacon 

11 220.75 

11 262.25 

13 771.41 

11 303.75 

13 792.16 

13 854.41 

13 875.16 

EUTELSAT W3 Frequency Plan 


13 958.16 

D2 D4 D6 D8 D10 

13 812.91 

13 833.66 

13 895.91 

C1 C3 C5 C7 C9 C11 

13 916.66 

13 958.33 

11 512.91 

14 041.67 

14 125.00 

F2 F4 F6 

F1 F3 F5 

11 595.91 

D1 D3 D5 D7 

C2 C4 C6 C8 C10 C12 D2 D4 D6 D8 D10 

11 283.00 

D1 D3 D5 D7 

fT = 3300 

11 345.25 

11 366.00 

11 386.75 

11 428.25 

fT = 2300 

11 449.00 

11 471.41 

11 492.16 

11 533.66 

11 554.41 

11 575.16 

11 616.66 

11 658.33 

D9 

11 658.16 

11 GHz Beacon 

(11 699.800) 

11 698.600 

14 208.33 

12 501.000 

14 291.67 

B2 B4 B6 

B1 B3 B5 

fT = 1500 

12 GHz Beacon 

12 541.67 

14 375.00 

12 625.00 

14 458.33 

12 708.33 

F1 F3 F5 

F2 F4 F6 

BW : 36 72 

Pol. X 

Pol. Y 

Pol. X 

Pol. Y 

W3 Launch 

12/04/1999 

SHU/98/003

UP-LINK UPLINK 

Vertical Polarization or LHCP 

DOWN-LINK 

DOWNLINK 

Horizontal Polarization or RHCP 

17.3 GHz 18.1 GHz 

17 327.48 

11.7 GHz 

11 706.850 

17 672.72 

1 19 21 

25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 

1 19 21 

25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 

11 727.48 

2 10 20 22 24 

17 346.66 

11 746.66 

Ft = 5600 

"Russian" Coverage (circular polarisation) 

African/Steerable Coverages (Linear polarisation) 

"Russian" and African or Steerable Coverage 

17 500.10 

Fixed African Coverage or Steerable Coverage ( block switched ) 

Steerable Coverage 

11 900.10 

2 10 20 22 24 

12 072.72 

17 691.90 

12 091.90 

EUTELSAT EUTELSAT W4 Frequency W4 Frequency Plan Plan 

(Frequency (Frequency in MHz) in MHz) 

17 711.08 

12 111.08 

17 730.26 

12 130.26 

17 768.62 

12 168.62 

17 787.80 

12 187.80 

17 806.98 

12 206.98 

17 826.16 

12 226.16 

17 845.34 

12 245.34 

17 864.52 

12 264.52 

17 883.70 

12 283.70 

17 902.88 

12 302.88 

17 922.06 

12 322.06 

17 941.24 

26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 

26 

28 

12 341.24 

17 960.42 

12 360.42 

17 979.60 

12 379.60 

17 998.78 

12.5 GHz 

Fixed African Coverage 

12 398.78 

18 017.96 

12 417.96 

18 037.14 

12 437.14 

18 056.32 

12 456.32 

18 075.50 

12 475.50 

30 32 34 36 38 40 

BW : 33 

W4 Launch : 24.06.2000 

RHCP 

LHCP or Y 

RHCP or X 

LHCP

UP - LINK 

DOWN - LINK 


Channel ID 

Channel ID 



Channel ID 

Channel ID 


H4 / D4 H6 / D6 

H3 / D3 H5 / D5 

B5 

F2 / G2 

F1 / G1 


10 991.67 

13.75 GHz 

11 075.00 

B1 B3 

B2 B4 

13 791.67 

H2 / D2 

H1 / D1 

11 158.33 

13 875.00 

11 199.500 

St. Spot Beacon 

Switchable to Steerable Coverage 

13 958.33 

fT = 33 00 

14.00 GHz 14.25 GHz 14.50 GHz 

14 041.67 

F4 / G4 F6 / G6 

F3 / G3 F5 / G5 

G1 / D1 G3 / D3 

B6 G2 / D2 G4 / D4 

14 125.00 

fT = 2 300 

11 GHz Beacon 

11 450.350 

(11451.091) 

11 491.67 

14 208.33 

fT = 1 2 5 0 

fT=2550 

11 575.00 

14 291.67 

SESAT Frequency Plan 


B2 B4 B6 

B1 B3 B5 

fT = 15 00 

11 658.33 

14 375.00 

G5 / D5 

G6 / D6 

14 458.33 

12 GHz Beacon 

12 501.000 



12 541.67 

12 625.00 

Launch : 

17.04.2000 

12 708.33 

H1 / F1 H3 / F3 H5 / F5 

H2 / F2 H4 / F4 H6 / F6 



SHU/98/002

UPLINK 

13.00 GHz 

DOWNLINK 

13 041.67 

C2 C4 C6 

C1 C3 C5 

13 041.67 

B5 

B6 

13.25 GHz 13.75 GHz 

14.00 GHz 14.25 GHz 14.50 GHz 

B2 B4 B6 

B1 B3 B5 

C1 C3 C5 

D1 D3 

C2 C4 C6 D2 D4 

F2 F4 F6 

F1 F3 F5 

F2S F4S F6S 

F1S F3S F5S 

D2 D4 D6 

D1 D3 D5 


10 991.67 

11 075.00 

B1 B3 

B2 B4 

10 991.67 

13 125.00 

13 125.00 

11 075.00 

Steerable 1 

Steerable 2 

13 208.33 

13 208.33 

1.80 GHz 2.80 GHz 

11 158.33 

11 158.33 

Steerable - Beacon 

11 200.00 

11 241.67 

11 241.67 

13 791.67 

13 791.67 

11 325.00 

11 325.00 

13 875.00 

13 875.00 

11 408.33 

11 408.33 

11 GHz Beacon 

11 452.570 

(11 451.091) 

14 469.23 

13 958.33 

13 958.33 

11 491.67 

11 491.67 

14 041.67 

14 041.67 

11 575.00 

11 575.00 

14 125.00 

14 125.00 

11 658.33 

D5 

D6 

11 658.33 

D1S D3S D5S D7S D9S D11S 


14 538.46 

14 507.69 

14 326.92 

14 546.15 

14 615.38 

14 041.67 

14 041.67 

14 584.62 

14 653.85 

14 623.08 

14 125.00 

14 125.00 

1.50 GHz 

EUROBIRD TM FREQUENCY PLAN (Former W1RM) 


14 692.31 

14 661.54 

14 730.77 

14 208.33 

14 208.33 

14 208.33 

14 208.33 

12 GHz Beacon 

12 501.000 

14 291.67 

14 291.67 

14 288.46 

12 541.67 

12 625.00 

12 708.33 

F1 F3 F5 

F2 F4 F6 

12 541.67 

12 541.67 

14 375.00 

14 375.00 

12 625.00 

12 625.00 

14 458.33 

14 458.33 


12 708.33 

12 708.33 

F1S F3S F5S 

F2S F4S F6S 

12 541.67 

14 326.92 

14 365.38 

12 625.00 

14 403.85 

14 442.31 

12 708.33 

14 480.77 

Pol. X 

Pol. Y 

Pol. X 

D1S D3S D5S D7S D9S D11S Pol. Y 

14 269.23 

14 307.69 

14 346.15 

2.80 GHz 

14 384.62 

14 423.08 

14 461.54 

Pol. X 

Pol. Y 

Pol. X 

Pol. Y 

EUROBIRD Launch

UP-LINK 

DOWN-LINK 

B5 

E 

B6 

E/A 

F2 

E 

F1 

E 


10991.67 

B1 

E 

B2 

E 

13.75 GHz 

11075.00 

B3 

E 

B4 

E/A 

C6 

E 

: Europe and/or America Coverage (uplink selectivity) 

E : European Coverage 

A : American Coverage 

(*Beacon may be commuted 

to Y-polarisation) 

11158.33 

13874.50 

C7 

E 

13895.25 

13916.00 

C8 

E 

C9 

E 

13936.75 

13957.50 

C10 

E 

14.00 GHz 14.25 GHz 14.50 GHz 

C11 

E 

13978.25 

2.55 GHz 

C6 

E 

11324.50 

11345.25 

C7 

E 

14031.25 

11386.75 

14093.75 

F4 

E 

F3 

E 

11428.25 

C9 C11 

E E 

C8 C10 

E E 

11366.00 

11407.50 

14156.25 

F6 

E 

F5 

E 

D6 

A 

D5 

A 

14218.75 

F8 

E 

F7 

E 

D8 

A 

D7 

A 

2.55 GHz 

11606.25 

D5 

A 

D6 

A 

14291.67 

B2 

E/A 

B1 

E/A 

11668.75 

D7 

A 

D8 

A 

ATLANTIC BIRD 

ATLANTIC BIRDTM 1 - FREQUENCY PLAN 


TM 1 – FREQUENCY PLAN 

14375.00 

B4 

E/A 

B3 

E/A 

3.30 GHz 

1.50 GHz 

11 GHz Beacon 1 

11 703.4 

(11 704.6) 


12 500.15 

14458.33 

B6 

E/A 

B5 

E/A 

12531.25 

F1 

E 

F2 

E 

Pol. X 

Pol. Y 

12593.75 

F3 

E 

F4 

E 

4 Networking Couples: D5 - F5, D6 - F6 

D7 - F7, D8 - F8 

12656.25 

F5 

E 

F6 

E 

12718.75 

F7 

E 

F8 

E 


12 749.85 

Pol. X 

Pol. Y

UPLINK 

14.00 GHz 

14 022.00 

DOWNLINK 

12.50 GHz 

Beacon Y 

12 500.5 

Beacon X 

12 502.5 

12 522.00 

14 043.00 

12 543.00 

14 064.00 

12 564.00 

14 085.00 

12 585.00 

14 106.00 

12 606.00 

14 127.00 

12 627.00 

14 148.00 

12 648.00 

14 169.00 

12 669.00 

14 190.00 

12 690.00 

14 211.00 

12 711.00 

14.25 GHz 

14 232.00 

K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 

K7 K8 K9 K10 K11 

1.5 GHz 

K7 K8 K9 K10 K11 

K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 

Pol. X 

Pol. Y 

12.75 GHz 

12 732.00 

Pol. X 

Pol. Y 

TELECOM 2 FREQUENCY PLAN (Ku-band channels) 


BW : 36 

TELECOM 2 Launch 

2A : 16/12/1991 

2B : 15/04/1992 

2C : 06/12/1995

UP-LINK 

DOWN-LINK 

14.250 GHz 

11.25 GHz 

14 293.00 

14 314.00 

14 335.00 

14 356.00 

14 377.00 

14 398.00 

14 419.00 

14 440.00 

11 598.00 

14 461.00 

K7 K8 K9 K10 K11 

K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 

14 272.00 

Beacon X 

11 450.500 

Beacon Y 

11 452.500 

11 472.00 

11 493.00 

11 514.00 

11 535.00 

11 556.00 

11 577.00 

14.500 GHz 

11 619.00 

14 482.00 

2.8 GHz 

11 640.00 

K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 

K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 

Pol. X 

Pol. Y 

11.70 GHz 

11 661.00 

Pol. X 

Pol. Y 

TELECOM 2D FREQUENCY PLAN (Ku-band channels) 


11 682.00 

K6 

BW : 36 

TELECOM 2 Launch 

2D : 08/08/1996


CHANNEL ID 

CHANNEL ID 



CHANNEL ID 

CHANNEL ID 


14 024.500 

14 091.500 

14 158.500 

14 225.500 

14 000 14 250 14 500 

1 3 5 7 

2 4 6 

A 

14 058.000 

14 125.000 

14 192.000 

14 300.000 

14 375.000 

B 

C I 

14 450.000 

DFS 2 Kopernikus Frequency Plan 


29 500 29 660 

29 580.000 



11 450 11 700 12 500 12 750 19 700 19.780.000 

19 860 

KU Beacon 

11 452.700 

11 500.000 

A C 2 4 6 

I 

B 

11 575.000 ft = 2800 

11 650.000 

ft = 1500 

12 524.500 

12 558.000 

1 3 5 7 

12 591.500 

12 625.000 

12 658.500 

12 692.000 

12 725.500 

KA Beacon 

19 701.750 

ft = 9800 



DSF - LAUNCH 

F1 : 05.06.89 (eol : 11/95) 

F2 : 24.07.90 

F3 : 12.10.92 

Usable BW 

90 

44 

SHU/98/012

P = Pan American Uplink Only 

E = Europe Uplink Only 

S = Switchable Uplink 

C = Combinable Uplink 

2800 

Europe + South Africa Europe + South Africa Pan-America 

Europe + South Africa 

10.95 GHz 11.20 GHz 11.45 GHz 

11.70 GHz 

12.20 GHz 12.50 GHz 

12.75 GHz 

17 18 19 

20 21 22 

UPLINK 

13.75 GHz 14.00 GHz 14.25 GHz 14.50 GHz 

13 

5 

E E E 

20 21 22 

17 

E 

: Europe and/or Pan-America Coverage in uplink 

DOWNLINK 

14 

6 

18 19 

E E 

15 

7 

16 

8 

C C 

1 &/or 23 2 &/or 24 3 

E 

4 

E E 

27 

S 

6 or 28 7 

E 

8 

E 

X 

9 &/or 31 10 &/or 32 

C C 

11 

E 

12 

E 

35 

E 

14 or 36 15 or 37 

S S 

16 

E 

Y 

C C 

9 &/or 3110 &/or 32 

1 &/or 23 2 &/or 24 

C C 

23 

31 

2300 

24 

32 

P 

33 

25 

P 

25 

33 

P 

34 

26 

P 

26 

34 

P S S P 

13 14 or 36 15 or 37 38 

5 6 or 28 29 

P S P 

27 

35 

Telstar 12 Frequency Plan 


28 

36 

29 

37 

30 

P 

30 

38 

X 

Y 

Europe Uplink 

Europe + South Africa Uplink 

Pan-America Uplink 

Europe Europe Pan-America 

Europe 

1500 

9 

1 

10 

2 

BW : 54 

11 

3 

Telstar Launch 

13/12/99 

12 

4 

X 

Y 

pdftelstar.dsf

UP-LINK 

DOWN-LINK 

14.250 GHz 

11.40 GHz 

Beacon 

11 400.000 

14 275.00 

14 325.00 

14 375.00 

14 425.00 

14 475.00 

22 12 24 20 26 

11 475.00 

2.8 GHz 

22 12 24 20 26 

11 525.00 

11 575.00 

11 625.00 

14.500 GHz 

11.70 GHz 

11 675.00 

Pol. X 

Pol. Y 

Pol. X 

Pol. Y 

EXPRESS 3A FREQUENCY PLAN (Ku-band channels) 


BW : 36 

EXPESS 3A Launch 

24.06.2000


Annex G. Measurement of Spurious Radiation 

G.1. Test Objectives 

To confirm compliance with spurious radiation specifications. 

To prevent any interference to existing services. 

G.2. Principle 

The SUT transmits at nominal power to dummy load or clear sky (i.e. far off 

the geostationary arc) at operational configuration. Using a calibrated 

measurement point of the station transmit (TX) chain, the output signal is 

examined within a suitable frequency range for the presence of spurious and 

intermodulation products. 

The following procedure is intended to provide sufficient indication of 

presence of spurious emissions. Further investigation (e.g.: zooming into the 

frequency band where a suspect spurious signal occurs) will be required if 

spurious signals are detected during this measurement. 

G.3. Summary of Requirements 

Although the specifications vary following E/S standard, a reasonably simple 

way to check compliance is to take spectrum analyser dumps of the frequency 

range of interest. It is however required that SUT provides at least a way to 

keep a copy of the trace (plotter, screen snapshot, computer file), copy which 

shall be forwarded (fax or e-mail) to ERS/EUTELSAT for evaluation. 

Furthermore, the SUT shall record the relevant levels observed using the 

spectrum analyser marker functions. 




Specification 

E/S 

standard 

G.4. Test conditions: 

Spurious excluding 

Intermodulation 

outside alloc. BW inside alloc. BW 

level meas 

BW 

level meas 

BW 

HPA to dummy load or antenna pointed to clear sky. 

Intermodulation 

Products 

Signal generated by the operational modulator, routed through the 

operational up-converter. (SUT in operational configuration). 

SUT HPAs to operate at standardized input back off. 

level meas 

BW 

Spectral 

Sidelobes 

level meas 

BW 

(dBW) (kHz) (dBW) (kHz) (dBW) (kHz) (dBW) (kHz) 

EESS 200 T-2 4 4 n.a. n.a. 12 4 

EESS 203 I 4 4 TX 

carrier 

-50 dB 

4 12 4 

EESS 400 L 4 4 7 4 

EESS 500 S 4 4 TX 

carrier 

-50 dB 

EESS 502 M 4 4 TX 

carrier 

-50 dB 

12 4 12 4 

42 12500 42 12500 

Test Equipment (S.A.) connected to a test point which has been calibrated 

during ESVA. 

HPA power set using a powermeter at the calibrated test point. (Use of the 

S.A. would be inaccurate since it is usually connected through an 

uncalibrated cable). 


12 

TX 

carrier 

-50 dB


G.5. Potential Pitfalls: 

Linearity of S.A. log amplifier, as a wide dynamic range is used. 

Noise floor of S.A.: with the typical levels observed in most stations, this will 

not usually cause trouble. 

Noise response of S.A log amplifier/detector: see point 1.9 below. 

Long sweep time (15s) for 4kHz measurements: some brief events may be lost 

possible remedy: let at least 10 sweeps accumulate data in max. hold mode. 

Limited 1000 or 400 points frequency resolution (4kHz measurements). 

Position of the measurement point in the up-link chain (if an up-link bandpass 

filter is present). 

SUT signal modulation may be incompatible with the above S.A. settings. 

The actions to take here depend obviously upon the modulation spectral 

characteristics and are to be solved on a case by case basis. 



G.6. Step-by-Step Procedure 

Step 1: SUT switches to dummy load or depoints the antenna to cold sky (SUT to 

consider potential danger when commuting switches at high EIRP settings). 

Step 2: SUT configures the signal path as for operational transmission, i.e.: The 

signal is generated by the operational modulator and routed through the 

operational upconverter. No modulation is applied (see test conditions 

below). 

Step 3: SUT adjusts the EIRP to obtain the nominal transmit EIRP value, using the 

calibrated test point (see EIRP test). SUT records the EIRP and level readings. 

Step 4: Keeping the HPA power constant, SUT substitutes the spectrum analyser 

cable to the power sensor and sets the spectrum analyser (refer to 

recommended settings below). 

Step 5: SUT records the peak signal level on the analyser and deduces the cable loss 

(which should typically not exceed 5 dB). 

Step 6: SUT sets the spectrum analyser following the guidelines of table 1.7.1 below 

then activates the max. hold mode. After at least 10 sweeps, SUT freezes 

(‘view’) and records the trace (plotter / printer). 

Note: Assuming a 1000-point plot, each point represents a 500 kHz slice of the 

spectrum, which is 50 times larger than the resolution bandwidth. It is 

therefore recommended to zoom on visible spurious using a 10 MHz span, 

keeping same reference level, RBW and VBW. 

Step 7: Maintaining the above analyser settings, the SUT disconnects the spectrum 

analyser and records the level of the noise floor. 

Step 8: As step 6 but SUT uses the settings defined by table 1.7.2 below (The required 

data accumulation time will exceed 2 minutes). 

Step 9: SUT ceases transmission and forwards the results (copy of spectrum plots 

including corresponding EIRP levels of spurious signals and noise floor) to 

EUTELSAT and ERS. 



G.7. Spectrum Analyser Settings: 

Measurements for Detection of Spurious within 4 kHz Bandwidth: 

Frequency : 14.25 GHz (Centre of the transmit band of interest or 

SUT carrier frequency) 

Span : 500 MHz 

Resolution 

Bandwidth 

Video 

Bandwidth 

: 10 kHz (For HP S.A. equivalent Noise Bandwidth 

equals 10 x 1.2 = 12 kHz). See note* 

: 10 kHz See note* 

Sweep Time : 15 sec Automatic (coupled) 

RF Attenuator : 10 dB (Depends on level at nominal power. To 

optimize the dynamic range, it is 

recommended to set the attenuator to 0dB at 

test points with low level) 

Max. Ref level : 0 dBm (Depends on RF attenuation) 

Max. hold : On 

Max. hld noise : -73 dBm (With HP8566A/B and 10dB RF input 

attenuation. At 0dB input attenuation: -83) 

10 dB/ 

max hold 


CENTER 14 250 000 GHz 

RES BW 10 kHz VBW 10 kHz 

"up-converter humb" 

∆MKR -48 MHz 

- 68.9 dB 

SPAN 500 MHz 

SWP 15.0 sec 

* Since the RBW is larger than the specified 4 kHz, noise-like spurious will have 

to be corrected, as they appear too high by about 4.77 dB (ratio of 12 kHz/4 

kHz). Assuming 60 dBW nominal EIRP, the required dynamic range to read 

4 dBW levels with a 10 dB noise margin is >66 dB. In the typical frequent case 

of a 0 dBm level at measurement point for 60 dBW, this requirement is satisfied 

(noise is at -73 dBm). 



Measurements for Detection of Spurious within 4 kHz Bandwidth: 

Frequency : 14.25 GHz (Centre of the transmit band of interest or 

SUT carrier frequency) 

Span : 500 MHz 

Resolution 

Bandwidth 

Video 

Bandwidth 

: 3 MHz (For HP S.A. equivalent Noise Bandwidth 

equals 3x 1.2 = 3.6 MHz). See note* 

: 3 MHz See note* 

Sweep Time : 20 ms Automatic (coupled) 

RF Attenuator : 10 dB (Depends on level at nominal power. To 

optimize the dynamic range, it is 

recommended to set the attenuator to 0dB at 

test points with low level) 

Max. Ref level : 0 dBm (Depends on RF attenuation) 

Max. hold : On 

Max. hld noise : -48 dBm (With HP8566A/B and 10dB RF input 

attenuation. At 0dB input attenuation: -58) 

10 dB/ 

max hold 

REF 0.0 dBm ATTEN 10 dB 

CENTER 14 250 000 GHz 

RES BW 3 MHz VBW 3 MHz 

∆MKR 59 MHz 

- 48.4 dB 

SPAN 500 MHz 

SWP 20.0 msec 

* Since the RBW is narrower than the specified 12.5 MHz, spurious which behave 

like noise will have to be corrected, as they appear too low by about 5.4 

dB (ratio of 12.5 MHz/3.6 MHz). Assuming 60 dBW nominal EIRP, the required 

dynamic range to read 40 dBW levels with a 10 dB noise margin is >30 

dB. In the typical frequent case of a 0 dBm level at measurement point for 60 

dBW, this requirement is satisfied (noise level at -48 dBm). 



G.8. SUT Test Report: 

Level at the calibration point when HPA power has been set. 

Level at the powermeter probe and corresponding EIRP. 

Corresponding S.A level in the configuration used for measurement (with 

cable inserted) or S.A. connecting cable losses value in the frequency 

range. 

Spectrum analyser plots in max. hold mode with the above recommended 

settings. 

(Including values of RBW,VBW,Freq.,Span,Sweep time...). 

Level/frequency of the highest peaks observed (especially if the plot is a 

snapshot). 

Level at analyser noise floor. 



Page 

intentionally 

blank 



Annex H. Earth Station Alignment Verification 

H.1. Objectives 

a): To re-confirm: 

correct earth station alignment in azimuth elevation and polarization, 

correct setting of operational station EIRP and frequency. 

b): To prevent any interference to existing traffic. 

H.2. Principles 

Initially, the earth Station Under Test (SUT) proceeds with transmission of its 

modulated operational carrier whereas the EUTELSAT Reference Station 

(ERS) transmits a clean reference carrier. Upon authorization by the ERS, the 

SUT disables carrier modulation. The ERS verifies the SUT antenna pointing 

(azimuth, elevation, polarization) and, if necessary, guides the antenna under 

test to the optimized position. 

The ERS verifies the SUT transmit frequency. 

ERS and SUT carry out a power balance to establish the operational transmit 

EIRP as defined by the relevant EUTELSAT transmission plan. 

Operational 

Modulator 

set to 

CW mode 

Up - Converter HPA 

IF 

RF 

HPA 

RF Output Power Monitor Point 

RF Power 

Meter 

Antenna 

Figure H.1 : SUT TX Chain Configuration during Earth Station Alignment 

Verification (EAV) 



H.3. Step-by-step procedure 

H.3.1. Access Coordination 

Step 1: Immediately prior to the scheduled commencement of EAV (i.e. ~ 5 

minutes) the SUT shall establish and maintain phone contact with ERS. SUT 

shall communicate sky and wind conditions and information on all details 

which may impair testing. 

Step 2: ERS ensure that the allocated frequency range (for the reference carrier) is 

free of traffic. 

Step 3: ERS shall contact the EUTELSAT CSC to obtain authorization for space 

segment access and reconfirmation of actual gain setting. 

Step 4: In accordance with parameters of the EUTELSAT test plan, ERS transmit the 


H.3.2. Transmission by SUT 

Step 5: Under direction of the ERS, SUT disable the modulation of the operational 

carrier at the assigned frequency and EIRP. The SUT CW - carrier shall be 

generated by the operational TX-chain with the modulator set to CW mode. 

SUT equipped with an automatic tracking system, shall disable auto-track 

mode. 

Note: The SUT must CEASE transmissions immediately if the communications link 

to the ERS fails or if the presence of staff at the SUT phone is interrupted. This 

rule applies to this and all following tests where the SUT transmits. 

Step 6: SUT report TX power meter reading to ERS. If available, SUT also report the 

applicable TX coupling factor and post coupler loss to the ERS. 

Step 7: ERS take a plot of the spectrum and check carrier frequency, EIRP and 

polarization and request corrections if necessary. 

Step 8: Under the direction of the ERS, SUT depoint its antenna first in azimuth and 

then in elevation. ERS record the corresponding variation of RX levels and 

guide the SUT to boresight. If applicable, SUT report azimuth and elevation 

readouts otherwise, SUT secure the antenna and mark appropriately the 

antenna position. 

Step 9: Under the direction of the ERS, SUT rotate slowly the antenna feed. ERS 

advise on the sense of rotation. 

Step 10: ERS guide the SUT to acquire the optimum position (i.e. where polarization 

plane of the SUT and satellite receive antenna match and a minimum in crosspolar 

level is observed). 

Step 11: SUT secure feed position. ERS verify that the optimized position is 

maintained. 



Step 12: SUT report the polarization angle indication of the ERS. If the SUT is not 

equipped with indicators, the feed position shall be marked. 

Step 13: ERS monitor short term (~ 5 minutes) fluctuation of frequency and EIRP of 

carrier under test. 

Step 14: Under the direction of the ERS, SUT adjust its EIRP to balance the reference 

carrier. 


Step 16: SUT read the TX power meter and report the value to the ERS. SUT record 

the reading of the transmit power meter and the corresponding station EIRP 

and maintain this EIRP at all times during operational transmissions, and 

carefully note this value for future transmissions as the nominal EIRP. 

Step 17: SUT equipped with an automatic tracking system, shall enable auto-track 

mode. 

Step 18: SUT enable carrier modulation. 

Step 19: ERS take a plot of the spectrum. 

Step 20: ERS cease transmissions. 

Step 21: ERS advise the EUTELSAT CSC of test completion and request instructions 

for further proceedings. 

Step 22: ERS forward CSC directions to the SUT (e.g. cessation of transmissions, start 

of IFLU, immediate commencement of traffic). 

Step 23: ERS forward the completion report to EUTELSAT. 


EUTELSAT S.A. OPERATIONS CONTACT POINTS 

EUTELSAT S.A. CSC 

e-mail: csc@eutelsat.fr 

Systems Operations Division 

Earth Station Approval and 

Line-up Office 

e-mail: esapproval@eutelsat.fr 

ESVA 

Operational Planning Division 

e-mail (SMS Section): 

dsvplan@eutelsat.fr 

e-mail (LT Section): 

ltplan@eutelsat.fr 

EUTELSAT S.A. Booking Office 

e-mail: booking@eutelsat.fr 

MAILING ADDRESS 

EUTELSAT S.A. WEB 

on operational issues 

 

Voice: +33-1-45.57.06.66 

Fax: +33-1-45.75.07.07 

Voice: +33-1-53.98.48.12 

Fax: +33-1-53.98.37.41 

Voice: +33-1-53.98.39.25 

+33-1-53.98.46.13 

Voice: +33-1-53.98.48.25 

+33-1-53.98.49.76 

Voice: +33-1-53.98.48.28 

Fax: +33-1-53.98.30.00 

Voice: +33-1-53.98.47.48 

+33-1-53.98.47.78 

+33-1-53.98.47.45 

+33-1-53.98.39.48 

Fax: +33-1-53.98.37.37 

EUTELSAT S.A. 

70, rue Balard 

F-75502 PARIS Cedex 15 

FRANCE 

"http://services.eutelsat.com" or 

"http://www.eutelsat.com/ 

Satellite information/Technical & 

operational docs/Uplinking & 

Satcom Services" 

02-07-2001

EUTELSAT Systems Operations Guide - Lea

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?