The Aramaic Bible: Targums in their Historical Context

MANGAN Similarities between Tareum Job & Targum Qohelet 353
Memra:
Shekinah:
The Lord:
Heaven:
Targum Job
1.21; 2.9; 4.9; 29.5;
42.9, 10, 12
14.18; 34.39
Targum Qoh
1.12; 2.15; 4.4; 6.6,
7, 10; 8.2, 4; 10.8;
11.3; 12.13 12
7 V 117
'elohim of the MT is translated by the Tetragrammaton in the
Prologue and Epilogue of Targum Job and in Targum Qohelet
throughout (Targum Job e.g. 1.8, 16, 22; 42.9, 10; Targum
Qohelet e.g. 1.13; 2.24, 26; 3.11 etc). 13
While Targum Job does not use 'Heaven' on its own as a substitute
for God, it does have 'Father in Heaven' (34.36) while
Targum Qohelet has 'Memra of Heaven' (4.4; 11.3) as well as
frequently on its own (Targum Qohelet 7.7, 9; 8.15; 9.2; 10.10;
11.3, 8).
12. Both also use Memra as a personal pronoun: Targum Job e.g. 7.8; 19.18;
20.29; Targum Qohelet e.g. 1.2; 6.3; 7.28; 8.14; 9.16: see C. Mangan, The Dating
of Targum Job', in K. Cathcart and J.F. Healey (eds.), Back to the Sources (Dublin:
Glendale Press, 1989), pp. 67-78.
13. A favourite insertion of both Targums is '(from) before the Lord'
(mnqdm '"): Targum Job, e.g., 1.12, 2.10, 6.4; Targum Qohelet, e.g., 1.13, 18;
2.10, 20, 26.