The Aramaic Bible: Targums in their Historical Context

284 The Aramaic Bible: Targums in their Historical Context
long enough at this mountain', into his rendering of the biblical verse.
These interpretations would have been well known to his audience,
and Pseudo-Jonathan, with great economy of words, combines them
into a little literary unit which he deftly inserts into his rendering of
the scriptural text. Neofiti, our only other Palestinian Targum of this
verse, gives a literal rendering of HT.
Into the Land
Turn and set out for Arad and Hormah, and go to the hill country of the
Amorites and to all the inhabitants of Amman, Moab and Gabla, (to all
who dwell) in the plain of the forest, in the hill country, in the Shephelah,
in the south, and by the seacoast, Ashkelon and Caesarea, the land of the
Canaanites, as far as Callirrhoe, and Lebanon, the place of the mountains
of the Temple, as far as the Great River, the river Euphrates (Pseudo-
Jonathan Deut 1.7).
Pseudo-Jonathan agrees with Onqelos in translating Hebrew pnw,
'turn', by its Aramaic cognate. Neofiti on the other hand uses the verb
kwwn, 'direct'. When Hebrew pnh means 'turn (one's face)' Onqelos
and Pseudo-Jonathan usually translate it by its Aramaic cognate,
whereas Neofiti (and the Fragmentary Targums) use the verb kwwn.
See, e.g., Deut. 1.7, 24 (also V, P), 40; 2.1, 8 (also Neofiti marginal
gloss, V); 3.1. In Exod. 7.23 Onqelos and Neofiti employ pny and
kwwn respectively; Neofiti marginal gloss uses the verb ski, 'look',
and Pseudo-Jonathan interprets the Hebrew midrashically. In Deut.
16.7, where Onqelos and Pseudo-Jonathan again employ pny, Neofiti
uses qdm (Af.), 'do (something) early', which is appropriate in the
context. When translating the words 'I turned and came down' in 9.15
and 10.5 Pseudo-Jonathan agrees with Neofiti in using the verb kwwn
against pny of Onqelos. The verb pnh in Gen. 24.49 is rendered by
Onqelos and Pseudo-Jonathan as pny, while Neofiti and Neofiti
marginal gloss have sty. In Exod 10.6 Onqelos and Pseudo-Jonathan
use pny as usual; Neofiti has zrz, 'hurry', which is an apt translation in
the context; Neofiti marginal gloss, however, has the more usual
kwwn.
In Deut. 29.17 where Hebrew pnh is used in the phrase 'whose heart
turns away (pnh) from the Lord' Onqelos again uses the Aramaic
cognate. Pseudo-Jonathan also employs pnh, but he combines it with
the verb t'y, 'to go astray'. Neofiti and V employ sty, 'turn aside',
which is an appropriate rendering in the context. In 30.17, where pny