The Aramaic Bible: Targums in their Historical Context

104 The Aramaic Bible: Targums in their Historical Context
Isaiah was published in 1871, 11 and in 1949 John Stenning published
an edition of the Aramaic text of this Targum, together with an
English translation. 12
Probably the best known of earlier English translations of the
Targums is that of Onqelos, Pseudo-Jonathan and the Fragment
Targums made by E.W. Etheridge, 13 which has been republished by
Ktav Publishing House, but without any addition or prolegomenon.
The renewed interest in the Targums in the late 1960s and in the
1970s led to new editions of the Aramaic text of some of the Targums
as well as to new English translations. In his important work, The
Targums and Rabbinic Literature 1 * John Bowker published a new
English translation of selected chapters of Pseudo-Jonathan. Etan
Levine has edited some texts of the Targums, together with English
translation, introductions and notes. 15
Between 1968 and 1978 the editio princeps of Codex Neofiti 1 was
published (Genesis 1968, Exodus and Leviticus 1971, Numbers 1974,
Deuteronomy 1978), together with Spanish, French and English
translations, the English translation by Michael Maher and Martin
McNamara.
By 1980 the situation regarding English translations of the Targums
was improving, at least with regard to the Palestinian Targum of the
Pentateuch. In 1980 Michael Klein published the critical edition of the
Fragment Targums together with an English translation, 16 and in 1986
he performed a later task for the Genizah fragments of the Palestinian
Lamentations by A.W. Greenup, of Ecclesiastes by C.D. Ginsburg, of Esther (Targ.
Sheni) by P.S. Cassel and A. Bernstein, and of Canticles by H. Gollancz.
11. C.W.H. Pauli, The Chaldee Paraphrase of the Prophet Isaiah (London,
1871).
12. J. Stenning, The Targum of Isaiah (Oxford, 1949).
13. J.W. Etheridge, The Targum of Onkelos and Jonathan ben Uzziel on the
Pentateuch with the Fragments of the Jerusalem Targum (2 vols.; London: 1862,
1865. Repr. in one vol., New York: Ktav, 1968).
14. Cambridge, 1969.
15. E. Levine, The Aramaic Version of Ruth (Rome: Biblical Institute Press,
1973); idem, The Aramaic Version of Jonah (Jerusalem: Academic Press, 1975);
idem, The Aramaic Version of Lamentations (New York: Hermon Press, 1976);
idem, The Aramaic Version ofQohelet (New York: Sepher-Hermon Press, 1978).
16. M.L. Klein, The Fragment-Targums of the Pentateuch according to their
Extant Sources (2 vols.; Analecta Biblica 76; Rome: Biblical Institute Press, 1980).