The Acts of the Apostles
The Acts of the Apostles The Acts of the Apostles
xxxii INTRODUCTION the foundation of the Primitive Community was firmly laid, the second half of the first part (chaps, vi.—xv.), with its thronging abundance of facts of the most varied character yet all pointing towards and pre- paring for the triumphant appearance of the mission to the Gentiles, holds him in a dramatic suspense. This suspense would be well-nigh intolerable if the author had not understood how to temper it by his skill in narrative and by a style which has about it something of the epic—full of life, and yet not unrestful. Though Stephen is martyred, though St. Paul after his first appearance again vanishes from the scene of action, though St. Peter draws no further practical conclusion from the Divine vision, though unbidden guests from Jerusalem seek to trouble the Gentile Church in Antioch — yet they find one another at last, Jerusalem and Antioch, the Gospel and the Gentile world. The second part of the book lacks a special theme of such vivacious character as that of the first. There now remained only to describe the extension of the gospel to Rome.^ What means has St. Luke here employed to ensure the continued interest of his readers ? In the first place, the " we "'-narrative now makes its appearance, and gives to several long passages vivacity and a distinct charm. In the second place, throughout the first half of this part the interest of the reader is kept alive by the rapid progress of the narrative, by the variety of important 1 The line of division quite plainly comes after xvi. 5 ; but XV. 36-xvi. 5 forms the transition from the first to the second part. The first part closes with xv. 35.
INTRODUCTION xxxiii events, by the change of scene (PhiUppi, Thessalonica, Bercea, Athens, Corinth, Ephesus), finally by the culmination in the long abode in Ephesus and in the great and significant farewell discourse pronounced before the Ephesian elders.^ At the close of this third quarter of the work Rome now appears on the horizon and remains the goal of the last quarter of the narrative. Just as the central point of interest in the second quarter of the book is this—whether the Gospel and the Gentile world will ever meet, so now in the fourth quarter the sole subject of enthralling interest is this—whether St. Paul will ever succeed in carrying the Gospel to Rome. Hindrance follows hindrance— yet each affords St. Paul an opportunity for giving noble testimony—finally sea and storm-wind seem to have conspired together against his undertaking ; and yet he succeeds—his desire, his appropriate destiny is fulfilled ; he brings the Gospel to Rome. But in this last section St. Luke perhaps is influenced by yet another interest allied to that of the second quarter (the question of the origin and legitimacy of the mission to the Gentiles). St Paul and his work must be set forth in their pure nobility and grandeur, i,e, his mission to the Gentiles must be shown to have been legitimate (there are three narra- tives of his call !) The Gospel was brought to the Gentile world by no unworthy minister, but" by a " vas electi07iis,''^ He was no destroyer of the Jewish religion, but the most powerful and strenuous affirmer 1 In order to avoid repetition and not to weaken the impression of continued progress, the narrative is so skilfully managed that the reader scarcely notices St. Paul's second visits to these places. C
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xxxii INTRODUCTION<br />
<strong>the</strong> foundation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Primitive Community was firmly<br />
laid, <strong>the</strong> second half <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first part (chaps, vi.—xv.),<br />
with its thronging abundance <strong>of</strong> facts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most<br />
varied character yet all pointing towards and pre-<br />
paring for <strong>the</strong> triumphant appearance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mission<br />
to <strong>the</strong> Gentiles, holds him in a dramatic suspense.<br />
This suspense would be well-nigh intolerable if <strong>the</strong><br />
author had not understood how to temper it by his<br />
skill in narrative and by a style which has about it<br />
something <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> epic—full <strong>of</strong> life, and yet not<br />
unrestful. Though Stephen is martyred, though St.<br />
Paul after his first appearance again vanishes from<br />
<strong>the</strong> scene <strong>of</strong> action, though St. Peter draws no fur<strong>the</strong>r<br />
practical conclusion from <strong>the</strong> Divine vision, though<br />
unbidden guests from Jerusalem seek to trouble <strong>the</strong><br />
Gentile Church in Antioch — yet <strong>the</strong>y find one<br />
ano<strong>the</strong>r at last, Jerusalem and Antioch, <strong>the</strong> Gospel<br />
and <strong>the</strong> Gentile world.<br />
<strong>The</strong> second part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> book lacks a special <strong>the</strong>me<br />
<strong>of</strong> such vivacious character as that <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first.<br />
<strong>The</strong>re now remained only to describe <strong>the</strong> extension<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> gospel to Rome.^ What means has St. Luke<br />
here employed to ensure <strong>the</strong> continued interest <strong>of</strong> his<br />
readers ? In <strong>the</strong> first place, <strong>the</strong> " we "'-narrative<br />
now makes its appearance, and gives to several long<br />
passages vivacity and a distinct charm. In <strong>the</strong><br />
second place, throughout <strong>the</strong> first half <strong>of</strong> this part<br />
<strong>the</strong> interest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> reader is kept alive by <strong>the</strong> rapid<br />
progress <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> narrative, by <strong>the</strong> variety <strong>of</strong> important<br />
1 <strong>The</strong> line <strong>of</strong> division quite plainly comes after xvi. 5 ; but<br />
XV. 36-xvi. 5 forms <strong>the</strong> transition from <strong>the</strong> first to <strong>the</strong> second<br />
part. <strong>The</strong> first part closes with xv. 35.