The Acts of the Apostles

EXCURSUS I 267
(12) The Brethren of the Lord form a group side
by side with the Apostles (Acts i. 14 ; 1 Cor. ix. 5).
(13) St. James stands at their head, and is, like
St. Peter and St. John, a " pillar '"—indeed, from
a definite point of time he occupies in Jerusalem a
position of monarchical authority (Acts xii 17; xxi.
18; XV. 13 jf.; 1 Cor. xv. 7; Gal. ii. 9; Gal. ii. 12).
(14) St. Barnal as appears as the most important of
the missionaries to the Gentiles together with St. Paul
(and set upon an equality wdth him), and he is governed
by the same principles of missionary work as St. Paul
(Acts ix. 27 ; xi. 22 ff. ; xiii.-xv. ; Gal. ii. 1 ff, ;
1 Cor. ix. 6).
was thus never restored. It is, however, probable that individual
members of the Twelve, who were now only apostles, returned
afterwards to Jerusalem on temporary visits. On such occasions
they would naturally take a part, and a very prominent part, in the
government of the Church in that city. So it was when St. Paul
came to Jerusalem for the so-called Apostolic Council. St. Peter
and St. John were present in Jerusalem, and strengthened by their
authority the rule of St. James and the presbyters. We do not
know whether any other members of the Twelve, and if so how
many, were then in Jerusalem. If these plain and obvious deductions
from the record of the Acts answer to facts, then Wellhausen's
hypothesis (s. 5/.) that the presbytery of the Church of Jerusalem
was coincident with " the Twelve," and that the phrase ol dir6