The Acts of the Apostles
The Acts of the Apostles The Acts of the Apostles
260 THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES them. If this is accepted, then everything in the Decree and in the narrative at once becomes consistent and clear. We also see clearly that it was not neces- sary for St. Paul to mention these stipulations in the Epistle to the Galatians, and that in spite of the silence of this epistle they may very well be historical. Moreover, we now see clearly how the false inter- pretation arose.i In the course of the second century, but quite independently of the Apostolic Decree or any other decree, the Jewish prejudice against partaking of blood (like much else from the Old Testament in spite of freedom from the Law) crept into the Church. Then it was that early—indeed, very early ttviktov was added to af/xa in the margin of the Decree,^ in — order to give the prejudice against the partaking of blood the sanction of a commandment. This ttviktov transformed the whole Decree! (The transformation could scarcely have been carried out if the words koI oara fxtj OiXere eavroig ylvecrOai erepco nir] iroielv had been original ; it is therefore probable [not certain] that they are an ancient interpolation which was intended to fix the character of the Decree as a summary of moral precepts.) This could the more easily happen since the brevity of the Decree made its meaning not quite clear, and since a simple ethical catechism in a document like this may have seemed superfluous to a later generation. But it was at first only in the East —and very slowly—that ttviktov and the new inter- * Further details will be found in Resch, s. 151-170, to whose discussion of this point I expressly refer. 2 The earliest direct testimony to this word is found in Clement of Alexandria and Origen, but the consensus of almost all the Uncials throws it back much further.
! THE APOSTOLIC DECREE 1261 pretation of the Decree spread from Alexandria and gained general recognition .^ In the West it was not until the time of Augustine that, under Greek influence, the false interpretation replaced the true. If this conception of Acts xv. is correct, then we can close whole libraries of commentaries and investi- gations as documents of the history of a gigantic error ! What has not been written concerning the Apostolic Decree as prohibiting meats—concerning the relation of Gal. ii. and Acts xv. on the assump- tion that Acts XV. deals with the question of prohibited meats—concerning Jewish and Gentile Christianity — concerning the " commandments of the Covenant with Noah "—and concerning the historical worthlessness of the Acts of the Apostles ! The scribe who first wrote the little word itvlktov opposite aiiJLa, on the margin of his exemplar, created a Flood which has for almost two thousand years swamped the correct interpretation of the whole passage ! The joy that the truth has been at last discerned is mingled with sorrow and vexation over labour that has been unspeakably great and utterly useless If the interpretation which we have here demon- strated is correct, then according to Acts xv. the only question in debate was this—whether Gentiles who wished to become brother Christians were to be circumcised and subjected to the yoke of the Mosaic ^ The consensus of all the Uncials (except D) in support of an interpolation is a new and strong proof that this consensus offers no guarantee that the text is genuine, and that it points to an Alexandrian recension. The importance of Codex D—supported, to be sure, by all the Western authorities—is here brought into great prominence I
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!<br />
THE APOSTOLIC DECREE 1261<br />
pretation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Decree spread from Alexandria and<br />
gained general recognition .^ In <strong>the</strong> West it was<br />
not until <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> Augustine that, under Greek<br />
influence, <strong>the</strong> false interpretation replaced <strong>the</strong> true.<br />
If this conception <strong>of</strong> <strong>Acts</strong> xv. is correct, <strong>the</strong>n we<br />
can close whole libraries <strong>of</strong> commentaries and investi-<br />
gations as documents <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> history <strong>of</strong> a gigantic<br />
error ! What has not been written concerning <strong>the</strong><br />
Apostolic Decree as prohibiting meats—concerning<br />
<strong>the</strong> relation <strong>of</strong> Gal. ii. and <strong>Acts</strong> xv. on <strong>the</strong> assump-<br />
tion that <strong>Acts</strong> XV. deals with <strong>the</strong> question <strong>of</strong> prohibited<br />
meats—concerning Jewish and Gentile Christianity<br />
—<br />
concerning <strong>the</strong> " commandments <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Covenant with<br />
Noah "—and concerning <strong>the</strong> historical worthlessness <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> <strong>Acts</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Apostles</strong> ! <strong>The</strong> scribe who first wrote<br />
<strong>the</strong> little word itvlktov opposite aiiJLa, on <strong>the</strong> margin<br />
<strong>of</strong> his exemplar, created a Flood which has for almost<br />
two thousand years swamped <strong>the</strong> correct interpretation<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> whole passage ! <strong>The</strong> joy that <strong>the</strong> truth<br />
has been at last discerned is mingled with sorrow and<br />
vexation over labour that has been unspeakably great<br />
and utterly useless<br />
If <strong>the</strong> interpretation which we have here demon-<br />
strated is correct, <strong>the</strong>n according to <strong>Acts</strong> xv. <strong>the</strong> only<br />
question in debate was this—whe<strong>the</strong>r Gentiles who<br />
wished to become bro<strong>the</strong>r Christians were to be<br />
circumcised and subjected to <strong>the</strong> yoke <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Mosaic<br />
^ <strong>The</strong> consensus <strong>of</strong> all <strong>the</strong> Uncials (except D) in support <strong>of</strong> an<br />
interpolation is a new and strong pro<strong>of</strong> that this consensus <strong>of</strong>fers<br />
no guarantee that <strong>the</strong> text is genuine, and that it points to an<br />
Alexandrian recension. <strong>The</strong> importance <strong>of</strong> Codex D—supported,<br />
to be sure, by all <strong>the</strong> Western authorities—is here brought into<br />
great prominence I