The Acts of the Apostles
The Acts of the Apostles The Acts of the Apostles
74 THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES centre of the movement soon after the Crucifixion of our Lord.^ Judaea is more frequently mentioned in the book. There, and indeed eV Traa-u t^ 'lovSaia, the disciples are to bear witness (i. 8). The adherents of Stephen are scattered Kara tol^ \(jopa^ TtJ9 'lovSaiag (viii. 1), i.e. throughout the Holy Land (vide mpra sub x^P^)- With the phrases eKK\t]G-La KaO' o\t]9 rrjg Tof^a/a? (ix. 31),^ and aS€\(po] 01 oi/Teg Kara rrjv ^lovSalav (xi. 1), and KaroiKovvreg ev rfj 'lovSala aSeXipol (xi. 29), we may compare Gal. i. 22 : ai eKKXtjciai r^? 'lovSaiag and 1 Thess. ii. 14 ai €KK\r](Tiai at ouaai ev r^ ^lovSala. It is noteworthy that St. Luke realises that Caesarea does not belong to Judaea in the proper sense of the word ; in xii. 19 and XXi. 10 he writes KareXOwv oltto rrjg 'lovSalag e/'y rLaiaraplav and KarrjXOh ng otto t^? ^lovSaiag irpocbrjTrjg \eh }^aLarapLav'\ respectively—note the coincidence here; XXi. 10 stands in a we-section— ; but already, from viii. 26-40; ix. 32^. one recognises that St. Luke did not count Caesarea and the whole belt of Philistian cities as belonging to Judsea, and yet he has no inclusive name for the region ; in viii. 40 he writes : 1 In the history of the Church the expectation of the near approach of the "Kingdom" has always had as a corollary the assembling of believers at one single place. We may accordingly assume that after the first appearances of our Lord in Galilee all or almost all of His adherents betook themselves to Jerusalem, where it was expected that the "Kingdom" would be revealed. Hence Galilee passed at once quite into the background (St. Paul speaks only of Churches in Judaea), and hence it is also explained why it happened that the first appearances of the Risen Christ in Galilee were replaced by appearances in Jerusalem. It was afterwards that churches gradu:illy formed themselves in Galilee. 2 The same expression : Kad' SXrji ttjx 'lovSat'as occurs also in x. 37. :
LANDS, NATIONS, CITIES, AND HOUSES 75 ^i\nnro9 evpeOt] ei^^Al^wrov, Koi Si€p-)(^6/ui€V09 €vt]yy€- Xil^ero rag TroAet? Tracra? ecog tov eXOeiv avTOv ef? K.aLarapiav, and in ix. 32: iyevero Uerpov Siep-)(o- fxevov Si a ttolvtcov [scil. all the brethren in the cities of the Philistian coast] KaTeXOeiv kol ttjOO? tov^ ayiov^ Tovg KaroiKOvvra^ Afooa. Judaea occurs in some passages where we should expect Jerusalem, and vice versa ; but this is scarcely due to inaccuracy. That the Christian communities of Judaea in the first days, and for some considerable time, were only relatively independent, indeed were for the most part dependent upon the Church of Jerusalem, and were, one might say, really identical with that Church, is a fact which can be deduced from the Pauline epistles, and which answers to the natural course of development of all such organisar- tions : the mother community remained at first " the Church," the rest were only in dependent filial rela- tionship to her. St. Luke thus shows himself well- informed when in the cases in question he writes Jerusalem for Judaea, and vice versd. It is, however, believed that it can be proved that the author has made a mistake in writing Judaea in xxvi. 20 : St. Paul did not preach, as St. Luke makes him say, in Judaea, not at least iv iraa-n t^ X^p^ 't*]^ 'lovSaiag. It cannot, in fact, be proved that he did preach in Judaea, and before the time mentioned in Gal. i. 22 he cannot have done so ; but why may he not have proclaimed the Gospel in this region on the occasion of later visits when he was journeying from Antioch or Caesarea to Jerusalem ? For this ministry days, not weeks, were quite sufficient, and he himself
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74 THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES<br />
centre <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> movement soon after <strong>the</strong> Crucifixion<br />
<strong>of</strong> our Lord.^<br />
Judaea is more frequently mentioned in <strong>the</strong> book.<br />
<strong>The</strong>re, and indeed eV Traa-u t^ 'lovSaia, <strong>the</strong> disciples are<br />
to bear witness (i. 8). <strong>The</strong> adherents <strong>of</strong> Stephen are<br />
scattered Kara tol^ \(jopa^ TtJ9 'lovSaiag (viii. 1), i.e.<br />
throughout <strong>the</strong> Holy Land (vide mpra sub x^P^)- With<br />
<strong>the</strong> phrases eKK\t]G-La KaO' o\t]9 rrjg T<strong>of</strong>^a/a? (ix. 31),^ and<br />
aS€\(po] 01 oi/Teg Kara rrjv ^lovSalav (xi. 1), and KaroiKovvreg<br />
ev rfj 'lovSala aSeXipol (xi. 29), we may compare<br />
Gal. i. 22 : ai eKKXtjciai r^? 'lovSaiag and 1 <strong>The</strong>ss. ii. 14<br />
ai €KK\r](Tiai at ouaai ev r^ ^lovSala. It is noteworthy<br />
that St. Luke realises that Caesarea does not belong<br />
to Judaea in <strong>the</strong> proper sense <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> word ; in xii. 19<br />
and XXi. 10 he writes KareXOwv oltto rrjg 'lovSalag e/'y<br />
rLaiaraplav and KarrjXOh ng otto t^? ^lovSaiag irpocbrjTrjg<br />
\eh }^aLarapLav'\ respectively—note <strong>the</strong> coincidence<br />
here; XXi. 10 stands in a we-section— ; but already,<br />
from viii. 26-40; ix. 32^. one recognises that St.<br />
Luke did not count Caesarea and <strong>the</strong> whole belt <strong>of</strong><br />
Philistian cities as belonging to Judsea, and yet he has<br />
no inclusive name for <strong>the</strong> region ; in viii. 40 he writes :<br />
1 In <strong>the</strong> history <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Church <strong>the</strong> expectation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> near<br />
approach <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> "Kingdom" has always had as a corollary <strong>the</strong><br />
assembling <strong>of</strong> believers at one single place. We may accordingly<br />
assume that after <strong>the</strong> first appearances <strong>of</strong> our Lord in Galilee all or<br />
almost all <strong>of</strong> His adherents betook <strong>the</strong>mselves to Jerusalem, where<br />
it was expected that <strong>the</strong> "Kingdom" would be revealed. Hence<br />
Galilee passed at once quite into <strong>the</strong> background (St. Paul speaks<br />
only <strong>of</strong> Churches in Judaea), and hence it is also explained why it<br />
happened that <strong>the</strong> first appearances <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Risen Christ in Galilee<br />
were replaced by appearances in Jerusalem. It was afterwards that<br />
churches gradu:illy formed <strong>the</strong>mselves in Galilee.<br />
2 <strong>The</strong> same expression : Kad' SXrji ttjx 'lovSat'as occurs also in x. 37.<br />
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