BUILDING FOR SCHOOL AND COMMUNITY - Kennedy Bibliothek

More documents

Recommendations

Info

these schools covers not only several square miles of city, "but considerable urban variety and complexity. Each of its five schools offers a different kind of education to its children. One is a traditional classroom school. Another is organized as a "team teaching" school. A third is based on a "vertical" structure, that is to say children of all ages, younger and older, are in the same group so that the older children learn by teaching the younger ones and the younger ones learn from their peers as well as from the teachers. Another school uses the community as a learning laboratory, and so forth. Parents who live in the quadrant as a whole can choose any one of the five schools they would like to send their children to, on an "open-enrollement, first-come first-served" basis.(1) 112. Minneapolis has recognized that in the social complexity of the modern city, children learn in different ways and at different rates, and this has led to a programme which offers as wide a range of choices as possible to parents, children and teachers. Counselors and teachers therefore help parents to choose which school and programme is best for their children. Minneapolis has also learned that parents enjoy being directly involved in school matters, and that they represent valuable resources for the five schools. 113. To keep everyone informed of everything that is going on, a newspaper is written and published Jointly by the people in the community and the children. Illustrated with drawings, photographs and maps, it includes creative writing, features on city and neighborhood festivals, news, reports on cultural events in music, the arts, and drama, and it includes articles on matters of educational and cultural policy. This is only a short step from community television programs involving children as well as adults, produced and performed by the people of the neighborhoods with expert technical assistance as required. Governance 114. Continuity and change are among the most important aspects of coordination. It is one thing to interrelate programs, whether the focus is in a central facility or in a network of interrelated facilities throughout the community. It is quite another to set up new administrations for interrelationship, new methods of monitoring performance to ensure that 1) Southeast Alternatives (Turtle Contemporary School, Southeast Free School, Marcy Open School, Pratt Continuous Progress School, Marshall- University High School), director Dr. James K. Kent, Minneapolis Public Schools, 1974. 198
user/needs are being properly met, and methods of financing that can be responsive to change as needs change or new opportunities open up. 115. Most of the case histories of the projects discussed in this paper and in the papers by Margrit <strong>Kennedy</strong> and T. Malan cited in paragraph 2 above, have involved intensive user and citizen participation in planning and design. In many of these projects, users have requested continuing roles in the performance of the programs, and also in administration. The form of user-citizen participation in governance varies considerably on a project-to-project basis. In many situations, citizens have been invited to work with officials in the design of appropriate administrative forms in much the way that they participated together in facility design and in the design of net-works. 116. In the Human Resources Center, Pontiac, Michigan, the building itself is owned by the Board of Education. However the Center is, to all practical purposes, independent of the Board. It has its own administration, budgets, executive director and staffs. Its Board of Directors is composed of citizens (50 per cent) and representatives of the many public departments, service agencies and cultural groups which occupy the Center (50 per cent). Many of the citizens are people who participated in the planning and design process. 117. The various public departments, service agencies and cultural groups in the Center are permitted to occupy space on a full-time or shared basis, rent-free. Their budgets are used only for the operation of their programs and services. However, all users are on a year-by-year basis. The quality of their performance and the appropriateness of their programs are monitored by the Board of Directors of the Center, and by its sub-committees appointed for this task. If their programs or performance are found to be deficient, they are asked to modify them. In cases of non-compliance, or if the need for their services has been fulfilled, they are asked to vacate their space in preference for another programme considered to be more needed. 118. In the Minneapolis Southeast Alternatives program the five schools have a decentralized Administration under the aegis of the central Board of Education. Parents have a 50/50 representation with -the school staffs in this decentral administration. 119. In the Queensgate II Town Center, Cincinnati, the citizens who have worked with the planners, architects and officials on this large multiusage project are now forming their own non-profit development corporation so that they can build, own, and administer facilities such as the Community Museum and Arts Center. Funding will come from City and Federal sources on low-interest loan. 199
Page 1 and 2:
OECD BUILDING FOR SCHOOL AND COMMUN
Page 3 and 4:
OECD PROGRAMME ON EDUCATIONAL BUILD
Page 5:
PREFACE CONTENTS THE DEVELOPMENT OF
Page 8 and 9:
strictly speaking a case study repo
Page 11 and 12:
INTRODUCTION 1. Change and the deve
Page 13 and 14:
different groups within the communi
Page 15 and 16:
Congress passed the National Defens
Page 17 and 18:
programs continued through the 1940
Page 19 and 20:
36. There are now approximately 1 1
Page 21 and 22:
Secretary of the Department of Heal
Page 23:
53. All of these trends have combin
Page 27 and 28:
INTRODUCTION CONTENT OF STUDY 1. Th
Page 29 and 30:
is available on these projects, thi
Page 31 and 32:
school to widen its uses to include
Page 33 and 34:
In 1935 financial support for commu
Page 35:
GLOSSARY OF TERMS 19. Mainly for th
Page 38 and 39:
the study, depends largely on the a
Page 40 and 41:
to the acceptability of uses. State
Page 42 and 43:
Background Information THE PURPOSE-
Page 44 and 45:
-P- -P- Center a) Dana P. Whitmer H
Page 46 and 47:
4> C^ Table 5 ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROB
Page 48 and 49:
Figure 1 PLAN OF DANA P. WHITMER HU
Page 50 and 51:
Figure 2 PLAN OF THOMAS JEFFERSON J
Page 52 and 53:
Figure 3 PLAN OF PAUL LAURENCE DUNB
Page 54 and 55:
VJl 4> Figure 3 PLAN OF PAUL LAUREN
Page 56 and 57:
came out was what the community wan
Page 58 and 59:
social pressures and economic condi
Page 60 and 61:
Figure 4 TEAM TEACHING ORGANISATION
Page 62 and 63:
ut the ungraded home base system al
Page 64 and 65:
Figure 6 SITE PLAN OF DANA P. WHITM
Page 66 and 67:
however, at the seam between large
Page 68 and 69:
Figure 8 DIAGRAM OF SPACE USAGE FOR
Page 70 and 71:
agencies, but also an office for pa
Page 72 and 73:
71. The author then proceeds to ana
Page 74 and 75:
districts in the United States to t
Page 76 and 77:
the inner city were changed to acco
Page 78 and 79:
86. He organised marathon basketbal
Page 80 and 81:
school, (the largest In New Jersey,
Page 83 and 84:
Part Two CO-ORDINATION ON A CITY-WI
Page 85 and 86:
was conducted, neither of these pla
Page 87 and 88:
30% use empty schools for new purpo
Page 89 and 90:
ORGANIC GROWTH OF THE COMMUNITY SCH
Page 91 and 92:
"Almost without exception, the vari
Page 93 and 94:
supermarket has proved to be an exc
Page 95 and 96:
- working at a large enough scale;
Page 97 and 98:
126. The list of projects dedicated
Page 99 and 100:
and to specific measurable educatio
Page 101 and 102:
ii) Problems and Barriers 133. Desc
Page 103 and 104:
Figure 13 ORIGINAL PROPOSAL FOR A M
Page 105 and 106:
open warehouse space into highly pe
Page 107 and 108:
107 PEB Secretariat
Page 109 and 110:
parts of the community. He often co
Page 111 and 112:
tion of new teachers; staff develop
Page 113 and 114:
iii) produce a detailed planning pr
Page 115 and 116:
problems associated with them. None
Page 117 and 118:
158. Even though the intention to d
Page 119 and 120:
Figure 14 THE ORGANISATIONAL UNITS
Page 121 and 122:
e) Examples of Cases Implemented 16
Page 123 and 124:
- and the indoor recreation buildin
Page 125 and 126:
Figure 16 FLOOR PLAN OF MACK SCHOOL
Page 127 and 128:
Figure 17 FLOOR PLAN OF BRYANT SCHO
Page 129 and 130:
of its curriculum, it also sets an
Page 131 and 132:
Meeting to select new staff and str
Page 133 and 134:
iii) in terms of process: - the pro
Page 135 and 136:
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES PUBLISHED
Page 137 and 138:
Ann Arbor, Michigan CASE STUDY MATE
Page 139 and 140:
"How to Get the New Jersey- High Sc
Page 141: Pontiac, Michigan "Whitmer Human Re
Page 145 and 146: INTRODUCTION 1. Co-ordination of sc
Page 147 and 148: student comes out of the educationa
Page 149 and 150: Part One INDICATIONS OF CHANGE Resu
Page 151 and 152: neighborhoods there at all, at leas
Page 153 and 154: HUMAN RESOURCES CENTER, PONTIAC, MI
Page 155 and 156: 44. Such a design was somewhat exce
Page 157 and 158: assignments, etc.(l) Thus education
Page 159 and 160: 47. The remainder of this paper wil
Page 161 and 162: Part Two CO-ORDINATION OF FACILITIE
Page 163 and 164: 54. The impact on co-ordination was
Page 165 and 166: 59. Turned into a method, it is as
Page 167 and 168: citizens and users have been involv
Page 169 and 170: j) The planners and architects will
Page 171 and 172: GAME 1. Developing an Inventory The
Page 173 and 174: FIRST NEIGHBORHOOD CENTER, GANANDA
Page 175 and 176: Making Maps 69. Every community and
Page 177 and 178: Children Making Maps RE-USE OF THE
Page 179 and 180: ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN Children and pa
Page 181 and 182: citizens to walk in off the street
Page 183 and 184: design. Two young people from the c
Page 185 and 186: 89. Gradually a design for the buil
Page 187 and 188: and representatives of the communit
Page 189 and 190: IX. Final Town Meeting. The followi
Page 191: III. Third day. Team executes desig
Page 195: 120. Perhaps the most radically new
Page 198 and 199: 125. The reasons for this growing c
Page 200 and 201: 134. But a new building (or even a
show all

BUILDING FOR SCHOOL AND COMMUNITY - Kennedy Bibliothek

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?