BUILDING FOR SCHOOL AND COMMUNITY - Kennedy Bibliothek

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74. Several examples of this kind of mapping now exist (see paragraph 44 above). Ann Arbor, Michigan, is a university city. To an outsider it would seem that the university is an unparalleled resource to citizens and to the school system. The university dominates the city. With an enrollment of 25 000 students, and responsible for one-third of the city's economy and one-fifth of the city's real estate, it turned out that the university and the city were in fact two different and virtually autonomous systems, one inside the other, with little interrelation except friction. Mapping was an essential technique in achieving, for all concerned, an understanding of what resources in the university could be available to the citizens, and in return how the university could use the city's resources better and more sensitively. Most of all the rich potential of interrelating and co-ordinating university and school resources was revealed. (1) 75. Lowell, Massachusetts, is the oldest industrial city in the United States. It was built in the eighteenth century as a city of cotton mills. But over the years it became a ghost city. Today its huge mills stand empty beside unused canals and rusting waterwheels and other silent machinery. Mapping has enabled citizens and local government officials to see with new eyes the architectural beauty of the old red brick industrial buildings with their rusted remnants of great machines standing high in weeds, and the beauty of the engineering in the old locks and gates on canals in which the water had gone green with age. It also caught the eye of the government, which agreed to create in Lowell the country's first national park and open-air industrial museum based on urban history. Plans are presently being developed using the canals as an infrastructure of tree-shaded walkways and waterways for passenger boats, for linking historic buildings and places. But the citizens, less interested in the past than in the present, are using the same infrastructure to interrelate the city's many ethnic groups and neighborhoods, the Greeks, Irish and French Canadians, and to develop comprehensive strategies for neighborhood improvement. A non-profit agency, the Human Services Corporation, has been formed to turn Lowell's historic and ethnic heritages into new job and career opportunities, "and one of its programs is to press for ethnic cultures and local industrial history to be included in school curricula.(2) 1) Urban Design Associates, Education Plan for Ann Arbor, Michigan, op.cit. 2) Michael and Susan Southworth, Lowell Discovery Network (1971), also Lowell Urban Park (1973-74), Human Services Corporation, Lowell, Mass. 182
Children Making Maps RE-USE OF THE BOOTT MILL, LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS, AS A <strong>COMMUNITY</strong> CULTURAL CENTER WITH HOUSING 76. Involving children in mapping provides somewhat different perceptions compared with the perceptions of adults. In Cincinnati, Ohio, children were unable to draw maps of the city streets in their community, but were able to draw intricate networks of the city's alleyways where they revealed a totally different world of resources, events, and "territorial rights" than the world known to adults. 77. In a very large school district in rural Pennsylvania the children of an urban school and the children of a rural school several miles away, independently mapped their communities. The parents got so interested that they organized visits to each other's communities. Optimizing on this experience, a new school for each of the communities is now being built as an interrelated pair, so that the parents and children of the two communities can continue their interrelationship through preparing 183
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OECD BUILDING FOR SCHOOL AND COMMUN
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OECD PROGRAMME ON EDUCATIONAL BUILD
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PREFACE CONTENTS THE DEVELOPMENT OF
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strictly speaking a case study repo
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INTRODUCTION 1. Change and the deve
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different groups within the communi
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Congress passed the National Defens
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programs continued through the 1940
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36. There are now approximately 1 1
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Secretary of the Department of Heal
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53. All of these trends have combin
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INTRODUCTION CONTENT OF STUDY 1. Th
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is available on these projects, thi
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school to widen its uses to include
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In 1935 financial support for commu
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS 19. Mainly for th
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the study, depends largely on the a
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to the acceptability of uses. State
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Background Information THE PURPOSE-
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-P- -P- Center a) Dana P. Whitmer H
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4> C^ Table 5 ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROB
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Figure 1 PLAN OF DANA P. WHITMER HU
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Figure 2 PLAN OF THOMAS JEFFERSON J
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Figure 3 PLAN OF PAUL LAURENCE DUNB
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VJl 4> Figure 3 PLAN OF PAUL LAUREN
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came out was what the community wan
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social pressures and economic condi
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Figure 4 TEAM TEACHING ORGANISATION
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ut the ungraded home base system al
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Figure 6 SITE PLAN OF DANA P. WHITM
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however, at the seam between large
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Figure 8 DIAGRAM OF SPACE USAGE FOR
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agencies, but also an office for pa
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71. The author then proceeds to ana
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districts in the United States to t
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the inner city were changed to acco
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86. He organised marathon basketbal
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school, (the largest In New Jersey,
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Part Two CO-ORDINATION ON A CITY-WI
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was conducted, neither of these pla
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30% use empty schools for new purpo
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ORGANIC GROWTH OF THE COMMUNITY SCH
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"Almost without exception, the vari
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supermarket has proved to be an exc
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- working at a large enough scale;
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126. The list of projects dedicated
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and to specific measurable educatio
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ii) Problems and Barriers 133. Desc
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Figure 13 ORIGINAL PROPOSAL FOR A M
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open warehouse space into highly pe
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107 PEB Secretariat
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parts of the community. He often co
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tion of new teachers; staff develop
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iii) produce a detailed planning pr
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problems associated with them. None
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158. Even though the intention to d
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Figure 14 THE ORGANISATIONAL UNITS
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e) Examples of Cases Implemented 16
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- and the indoor recreation buildin
Page 125 and 126: Figure 16 FLOOR PLAN OF MACK SCHOOL
Page 127 and 128: Figure 17 FLOOR PLAN OF BRYANT SCHO
Page 129 and 130: of its curriculum, it also sets an
Page 131 and 132: Meeting to select new staff and str
Page 133 and 134: iii) in terms of process: - the pro
Page 135 and 136: BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES PUBLISHED
Page 137 and 138: Ann Arbor, Michigan CASE STUDY MATE
Page 139 and 140: "How to Get the New Jersey- High Sc
Page 141: Pontiac, Michigan "Whitmer Human Re
Page 145 and 146: INTRODUCTION 1. Co-ordination of sc
Page 147 and 148: student comes out of the educationa
Page 149 and 150: Part One INDICATIONS OF CHANGE Resu
Page 151 and 152: neighborhoods there at all, at leas
Page 153 and 154: HUMAN RESOURCES CENTER, PONTIAC, MI
Page 155 and 156: 44. Such a design was somewhat exce
Page 157 and 158: assignments, etc.(l) Thus education
Page 159 and 160: 47. The remainder of this paper wil
Page 161 and 162: Part Two CO-ORDINATION OF FACILITIE
Page 163 and 164: 54. The impact on co-ordination was
Page 165 and 166: 59. Turned into a method, it is as
Page 167 and 168: citizens and users have been involv
Page 169 and 170: j) The planners and architects will
Page 171 and 172: GAME 1. Developing an Inventory The
Page 173 and 174: FIRST NEIGHBORHOOD CENTER, GANANDA
Page 175: Making Maps 69. Every community and
Page 179 and 180: ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN Children and pa
Page 181 and 182: citizens to walk in off the street
Page 183 and 184: design. Two young people from the c
Page 185 and 186: 89. Gradually a design for the buil
Page 187 and 188: and representatives of the communit
Page 189 and 190: IX. Final Town Meeting. The followi
Page 191 and 192: III. Third day. Team executes desig
Page 193 and 194: user/needs are being properly met,
Page 195: 120. Perhaps the most radically new
Page 198 and 199: 125. The reasons for this growing c
Page 200 and 201: 134. But a new building (or even a
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