BUILDING FOR SCHOOL AND COMMUNITY - Kennedy Bibliothek

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20. The successful student, certificate in hand, heads for the suburbs. He graduates, not only from his educational system, but from his urban subculture and his neighborhood as well. But when the young adult with an inner city background fails, he has indeed little to turn to. Far from it being an advantage, having no roots in either family or community is, according to social psychologists, the most common cause of crime, vandalism and prostitution. 21. In the post-war decades this dual pattern of out-migration by the successful young, while the failing young remain behind without real roots, has seriously injured the stability of older urban neighborhoods and it has also impaired the capacity of suburban areas to develop local identity. The other neighborhoods are drained of young leadership; and the successful young, once they have graduated to the suburbs, find themselves in environments without social, historic or sub-cultural roots. 150
Part One INDICATIONS OF CHANGE Resurgence of Sub-Cultures and Local Identities 22. In recent years much of this has begun to change. A worldwide reaction against sameness is beginning to find expression. People in many countries and cities are articulating a local need for identity, for a sense of "place", "belonging" and "focus". 23. Sub-cultures and ethnic groups are beginning to emerge once again, often with considerable political vigour and cultural sophistication. There is a clear pattern of connection between the macro-scale and microscale expressions of this drive for personal identity and focus. The number of independent nations has tripled since World War II. The fragmentation of international blocs and hegemonies continues. Countries like Great Britain, once the center of a tightly knit worldwide commonwealth of nations, has not only experienced irresistable national independence movements within its federation, but is today experiencing strong subnational political and cultural conflicts in Wales, Scotland and Ireland. In Canada the French Canadians talk of secession. Ethnicity is a new and powerful awareness in the United States, a nation forged of immigrants from just about every country and culture in the world. What began in the 1960's as a "black is beautiful" movement among American negroes locked in the civil rights struggle has now broadened, into a growing recognition of the pluralist social and sub-cultural character of every large city in the country. 24. In its political structure, the United States has a long history of. decentralization and local autonomy. • When the country fought its "War of Independence" against Great Britain, the new republic was formed from independent colonies which became "states". Today there are fifty states in the union, each with its own house of representatives and senate. Within each state there are countless cities, boroughs, townships and other jurisdictions. Indeed the essence of American public life is that of a "willing federation" of parts. One might not find it surprising therefore that a resurgence of local sub-cultural identities would occur strongly in the United States. 151
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OECD BUILDING FOR SCHOOL AND COMMUN
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OECD PROGRAMME ON EDUCATIONAL BUILD
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PREFACE CONTENTS THE DEVELOPMENT OF
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strictly speaking a case study repo
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INTRODUCTION 1. Change and the deve
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different groups within the communi
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Congress passed the National Defens
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programs continued through the 1940
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36. There are now approximately 1 1
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Secretary of the Department of Heal
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53. All of these trends have combin
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INTRODUCTION CONTENT OF STUDY 1. Th
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is available on these projects, thi
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school to widen its uses to include
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In 1935 financial support for commu
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS 19. Mainly for th
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the study, depends largely on the a
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to the acceptability of uses. State
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Background Information THE PURPOSE-
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-P- -P- Center a) Dana P. Whitmer H
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4> C^ Table 5 ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROB
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Figure 1 PLAN OF DANA P. WHITMER HU
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Figure 2 PLAN OF THOMAS JEFFERSON J
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Figure 3 PLAN OF PAUL LAURENCE DUNB
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VJl 4> Figure 3 PLAN OF PAUL LAUREN
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came out was what the community wan
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social pressures and economic condi
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Figure 4 TEAM TEACHING ORGANISATION
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ut the ungraded home base system al
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Figure 6 SITE PLAN OF DANA P. WHITM
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however, at the seam between large
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Figure 8 DIAGRAM OF SPACE USAGE FOR
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agencies, but also an office for pa
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71. The author then proceeds to ana
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districts in the United States to t
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the inner city were changed to acco
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86. He organised marathon basketbal
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school, (the largest In New Jersey,
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Part Two CO-ORDINATION ON A CITY-WI
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was conducted, neither of these pla
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30% use empty schools for new purpo
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ORGANIC GROWTH OF THE COMMUNITY SCH
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"Almost without exception, the vari
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supermarket has proved to be an exc
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- working at a large enough scale;
Page 97 and 98: 126. The list of projects dedicated
Page 99 and 100: and to specific measurable educatio
Page 101 and 102: ii) Problems and Barriers 133. Desc
Page 103 and 104: Figure 13 ORIGINAL PROPOSAL FOR A M
Page 105 and 106: open warehouse space into highly pe
Page 107 and 108: 107 PEB Secretariat
Page 109 and 110: parts of the community. He often co
Page 111 and 112: tion of new teachers; staff develop
Page 113 and 114: iii) produce a detailed planning pr
Page 115 and 116: problems associated with them. None
Page 117 and 118: 158. Even though the intention to d
Page 119 and 120: Figure 14 THE ORGANISATIONAL UNITS
Page 121 and 122: e) Examples of Cases Implemented 16
Page 123 and 124: - and the indoor recreation buildin
Page 125 and 126: Figure 16 FLOOR PLAN OF MACK SCHOOL
Page 127 and 128: Figure 17 FLOOR PLAN OF BRYANT SCHO
Page 129 and 130: of its curriculum, it also sets an
Page 131 and 132: Meeting to select new staff and str
Page 133 and 134: iii) in terms of process: - the pro
Page 135 and 136: BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES PUBLISHED
Page 137 and 138: Ann Arbor, Michigan CASE STUDY MATE
Page 139 and 140: "How to Get the New Jersey- High Sc
Page 141: Pontiac, Michigan "Whitmer Human Re
Page 145 and 146: INTRODUCTION 1. Co-ordination of sc
Page 147: student comes out of the educationa
Page 151 and 152: neighborhoods there at all, at leas
Page 153 and 154: HUMAN RESOURCES CENTER, PONTIAC, MI
Page 155 and 156: 44. Such a design was somewhat exce
Page 157 and 158: assignments, etc.(l) Thus education
Page 159 and 160: 47. The remainder of this paper wil
Page 161 and 162: Part Two CO-ORDINATION OF FACILITIE
Page 163 and 164: 54. The impact on co-ordination was
Page 165 and 166: 59. Turned into a method, it is as
Page 167 and 168: citizens and users have been involv
Page 169 and 170: j) The planners and architects will
Page 171 and 172: GAME 1. Developing an Inventory The
Page 173 and 174: FIRST NEIGHBORHOOD CENTER, GANANDA
Page 175 and 176: Making Maps 69. Every community and
Page 177 and 178: Children Making Maps RE-USE OF THE
Page 179 and 180: ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN Children and pa
Page 181 and 182: citizens to walk in off the street
Page 183 and 184: design. Two young people from the c
Page 185 and 186: 89. Gradually a design for the buil
Page 187 and 188: and representatives of the communit
Page 189 and 190: IX. Final Town Meeting. The followi
Page 191 and 192: III. Third day. Team executes desig
Page 193 and 194: user/needs are being properly met,
Page 195: 120. Perhaps the most radically new
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125. The reasons for this growing c
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134. But a new building (or even a
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BUILDING FOR SCHOOL AND COMMUNITY - Kennedy Bibliothek

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