The Torturer's Dilemma: Analyzing the Logic of Torture for Information

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge the following individuals for their help and support: William J. Armshaw, who was inspiring me months before I was born; my parents, William F. Armshaw and Marianne Armshaw-Farris; my sister, Katherine Armshaw; my committee members, Will Moore, Mark Souva, Jens Grosser, Charles Barrilleaux and Michael Creswell; as well as my fellow graduate students Jacek Stremski, Jacquelyn Rubin, James Patrick Nelson, Kim Hong- Cheol, and Jeffrey Weber, without whose constant input, argumentation and advice this work would be far the poorer. iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT vii 1. TELL ME THE TRUTH: Torture for Information 2. THE LOGIC OF TORTURE: Why Shouldn't Torture Work? 2.1. Introduction 2.2. A History of Torture 2.3. Conceptualizing Torture 2.4. A Model of Torture 2.5. Evaluating the Model through Case Studies 3. THE WITCHHUNT: Slavery, Coercion and Misinformation in the Salem Witch-Trials 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Witch Craft in New England 3.3. The Crisis in Salem 3.4. The End of the Trials 3.5. The Deceptive Cycle 3.6. The Strategic Logic of Coercive Interrogation 3.7. Torture, Tituba and Slavery 3.8. Conclusion 4. A TALE OF TWO ALGERIAS: Torture in the Casbah and the Bled 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Analysing Torture 4.3. The Battle of Algiers 4.4. Torture in the Casbah 4.5. Torture in the Bled 4.6. Weighing the Costs and Benefits 4.7. Conclusion 5. TORTURE AND TERRORISM: Coercive Interrogation in the War on Terror 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Torture at Guantanamo 5.3. Torture in Iraq 5.4. Torture by the CIA 5.5. A Critical Case: Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi 5.6. Conclusion v 1 9 9 11 22 26 31 39 39 42 45 52 56 61 68 71 74 74 76 80 84 93 94 101 104 104 106 113 120 126 130
Page 1 and 2: THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEG
Page 3: This work is dedicated to my wife,
Page 7 and 8: ABSTRACT In the aftermath of the Se
Page 9 and 10: judged by their effects. The deonto
Page 11 and 12: etter than chance on average, no ma
Page 13 and 14: from fiction, and also in the time
Page 15 and 16: the cases differ in how well inform
Page 17 and 18: characterization by method. Torture
Page 19 and 20: gather such evidence was strong, to
Page 21 and 22: ineffective. Something must prevent
Page 23 and 24: The description which it would be n
Page 25 and 26: powerful themselves. 21 While histo
Page 27 and 28: known by the misnomer 'torture-ligh
Page 29 and 30: substitute for intelligence gatheri
Page 31 and 32: This lack of good data on torture t
Page 33 and 34: found that the procedure can cause
Page 35 and 36: captive who has faced torture, and
Page 37 and 38: state cannot credibly commit to pla
Page 39 and 40: incentive not to present as favorab
Page 41 and 42: units, those engaged in the applica
Page 43 and 44: of causal mechanisms in a very dire
Page 45 and 46: the threats they face are real, whe
Page 47 and 48: 3.1. Introduction. CHAPTER 3 THE WI
Page 49 and 50: discovered by Sir Thomas Newton and
Page 51 and 52: two, and the execution of the convi
Page 53 and 54: years preceding the outbreak at Sal
Page 55 and 56:
these women - non-Church members, p
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Hubbard) and four grown and married
Page 59 and 60:
innocent, and recalled that when he
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crowd was deeply and troublingly mo
Page 63 and 64:
it was precisely in these terms tha
Page 65 and 66:
came to an end. Misogyny was all to
Page 67 and 68:
only the witch-trials that brought
Page 69 and 70:
partners in their own (apparent) de
Page 71 and 72:
possibility would be to question th
Page 73 and 74:
John Bridges (whose own wife and da
Page 75 and 76:
she again broke down and named seve
Page 77 and 78:
forcing the already convicted to re
Page 79 and 80:
We can thus see Tituba's confession
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Samuell Parris. 70 The strongest ev
Page 83 and 84:
order to purge political dissidents
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torture as a failure based on this
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torture - the state will apply it e
Page 89 and 90:
time, the government in Paris was c
Page 91 and 92:
for two reasons - first, because Me
Page 93 and 94:
The Soummam conference in the Summe
Page 95 and 96:
one of the primary justifications f
Page 97 and 98:
DOP in particular is instructive fo
Page 99 and 100:
us stops in the city center. These
Page 101 and 102:
one that would turn the dangers of
Page 103 and 104:
dismantling of the ZAA organization
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found in the literature: the revela
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In fact, the use of torture did hav
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e.g.), by March (when the DPU had b
Page 111 and 112:
Paul Teitgen appears to have been c
Page 113 and 114:
the French public. 95 Secondly, the
Page 115 and 116:
conditions theoretically necessary
Page 117 and 118:
the reasons for holding the detaine
Page 119 and 120:
y military interrogators. (Washingt
Page 121 and 122:
fact come verbatim from a 1957 jour
Page 123 and 124:
ole in the acquisition of intellige
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to those believed to have informati
Page 127 and 128:
name for metanetwork analysis. 102
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other words, the CIA High Value Det
Page 131 and 132:
Padilla was accused by KSM of plott
Page 133 and 134:
and an enemy of the United States,
Page 135 and 136:
alternative mechanism) by Darius Re
Page 137 and 138:
York Times, 09/12/2005) Insofar as
Page 139 and 140:
these interrogations were conducted
Page 141 and 142:
al-Qaeda is structured, names of in
Page 143 and 144:
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION: The Misleadin
Page 145 and 146:
problem by the authorities - and ye
Page 147 and 148:
situations (France in Algeria and V
Page 149 and 150:
Jack Bauer was used as justificatio
Page 151 and 152:
Biderman, Albert D. “Effects of C
Page 153 and 154:
Crelinstein, Ronald and Alex Schmid
Page 155 and 156:
History Teacher. 30:4 (1997): pp. 4
Page 157 and 158:
International Council on Security a
Page 159 and 160:
Lewis, Neil A. “Red Cross Finds D
Page 161 and 162:
Obuchowski, Chester W. “Algeria:
Page 163 and 164:
Schiemann, John W. “Interrogation
Page 165 and 166:
Barack Obama is Inviting the Next A
Page 167 and 168:
United States, Department of Defens
Page 169:
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Patrick Armshaw
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