A comparison of wi-fi and wimax with case studies - Florida State ...

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ABSTRACT Currently over 50% of the world’s population check their e-mails everyday. Collecting information from the Internet is a routine. In the early 21 st century, wireless communication has become a hot topic in IT (Information Technology) and CT (Communication Technology), as evidenced by the growth of wireless technologies such as 3G, Wi-Fi and WiMax. 3G is a cellular technology developed in conjunction with the cellular phone network. Wi-Fi is a wireless local area network technology. WiMax is designed for the wireless metropolitan area network. Today, people not only want the fixed wireless access to the Internet, but also want the mobile wireless access as well. They want a ubiquitous connection, even when in a train, a cab, or the subway. This demand is resulting in increasing competition between the leading wireless technologies. 3G, Wi-Fi and WiMax all appear to have the potential to feed the demand, but still have issues that need to be addressed. The future direction of wireless Internet access is uncertain, including whether these three technologies will operate cooperatively or competitively. This thesis is going to predict the future direction by analysis of 3G, Wi-Fi and WiMax technologies and the evaluation of three wireless access case studies. This thesis will begin with an introduction to the history of Internet and will then continue with a discussion of the technical aspects of 3G, Wi-Fi and WiMax. After the technology introduction, this thesis will evaluate three current implementations of wireless Internet access as case studies to verify the capabilities of Wi-Fi and WiMax, and to discuss the feasibility of building a city-wide wireless network. Finally, a reasonable prediction of the future implementation of a city-wide wireless Internet structure will be presented. xii
CHAPTER ONE 1. Introduction The cellphone company Nokia uses the slogan of “connecting people” in its advertising campaign. That means that technologies should be based on demand and humility. In the field of the Internet, the basis of all research and innovation is geared towards making transmission of communication more efficient. The network technology that would eventually evolve into “the Internet” was initially developed by the military requisition called ARPANET, during late 1960s. ARPA is the acronym for Advanced Research Projects Agency an agency of the Department of Defense. This network was the pioneer of the “packet switch” type network. Little did the originators of ARPANET realize that this network would eventually lead to a method that could connect every PC in the world for sharing and exchanging information. The two most significant features of ARPANET were the concept of network routing and the use of packet for data transfer. In ARPANET, each computer was a node and it received the data and then routed it to next node. ARPANET was also the first network using packet switching to transmit data. Each node could send each packet to its destination by different paths, so it could improve the transmission to become more efficient and more reliable. In the beginning, this project only included four locations, Stanford Research institute, UCLA, UC Santa Barbara and Utah University. After it was initiated successfully in 1969, the locations extended to the east coast the following year including MIT, Harvard, Beranek and Newman. This was the world’s first WAN (Wide Area Network). In 1973, the Xerox Corporation, located in California, developed the LAN (Local Area Network) for connecting PCs within a local area. Therefore, the Ethernet was formed. The DIX alliance (DEC, Intel and Xerox) was the first pusher of Ethernet and then transferred the patent right to IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers). This move made Ethernet become popular very quickly. In 1982, DIX published Ethernet Version 2 (EV2) and later on IEEE published IEEE 802.3 CDMA/CD standard which was based on EV2 in 1983. Today, the IEEE 802.3 series is the most well-known Ethernet standard. The IEEE 802.3 is a big family that is presented in table 1-1[67][86]. They can support speeds from 10 Mbps to 1 Gbps. The increased technology causes the Internet to continually speed up. Communication technology continues to develop and an increasing number of communication technologies have been implemented. However these technologies may not be compatible with each other. The ARPANET researchers developed a set of protocols called TCP/IP (Transmission Control protocol/Internet Protocol) to integrate networks that may be based on differing communications technologies and protocols. Internet research was not only conducted in U.S., but also in other places such as Europe, Asia, Canada and so on. Competing 1
Page 1 and 2: THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEG
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables…
Page 5 and 6: 5. Case study…………………
Page 7 and 8: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2-1 The Evol
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviation
Page 11: PSS Portable Subscriber Station 89
Page 15 and 16: Table 1-1 Cont. 802.3an 2006 10GBAS
Page 17 and 18: 2.1. Introduction CHAPTER TWO 2. 3G
Page 19 and 20: 2.3. Development 3G has been in dev
Page 21 and 22: 2.5. Conclusion WAP (Wireless Appli
Page 23 and 24: IEEE 802.11n is the newest standard
Page 25 and 26: Table 3-3 Cont. 10 2.457 X Y Y Y Y
Page 27 and 28: 3.3.1.2. PLCP and PMD The physical
Page 29 and 30: Noise Codes). The most powerful con
Page 31 and 32: Figure 3-5 CCK Modulation HR-DSSS P
Page 33 and 34: other problem is inter-carrier inte
Page 35 and 36: Tab ble 3-5 OFDDM Modulaation and D
Page 37 and 38: and contains DSSS, CCK, PBCC (Packe
Page 39 and 40: 3.3.2. MAC Layer 3.3.2.1. Introduct
Page 41 and 42: Virtual channel sensing he other me
Page 43 and 44: SIFS (Short InterFrame Spacing) Fig
Page 45 and 46: Figure 3-20 WEP Frame and Operation
Page 47 and 48: 3.4.2. MIMO (Multiple-Input/Multipl
Page 49 and 50: 4.1. The background of IEEE 802.16
Page 51 and 52: The working groups of WiMax Forum a
Page 53 and 54: Table 4-1 Thee Basic Datta of IEEE
Page 55 and 56: Figure 4-1 The Layer Structure of I
Page 57 and 58: codes ( (CTC) and low densityy pari
Page 59 and 60: 4.3.1.2.2. AAS (Advanced Antenna Sy
Page 61 and 62: Best-effort service (BE) This schem
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Encryption Figure 4-4 PKM Protocol
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4.3.2. IEEE 802.16e-2005, the newes
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transmiission, the aadjacent cellls
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the uplink bandwidth periodically f
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Figure 4-7 Coverage and Capacity fo
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CHAPTER FIVE 5. Case study This cha
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increased bandwidth, fixed connecti
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Figure 5-3 Landis Green Figure 5-4
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Table 5-2 Xirrus XS-3700 AP Technol
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• Automatic Tx power selection
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Table 5-4 Cont. 71
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5.1.3. Analysis The FSU wireless ne
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since the January 2006. The populat
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Table 5-5 Parameters of WLAN and Me
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Table 5-6 Features of Nortel Wirele
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• -101 dBm typical @ 1 Mbps Recei
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Operating environment specification
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uilding density, high population de
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epeater r is developping and it wil
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Figure 5-17 WiBro Features The data
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Figure 5-19 U-RAS Premium Figure 5-
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In KT’s recent report, 60% of sub
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Figure 5-21 An Example Application
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Name Parameters Standard Table 5-10
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WiFly used Wi-Fi to cover 60% of th
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BIBLIOGRAPHY [01]. IEEE 802.11 offi
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[37]. Sun, Y.; "Bandwidth-efficient
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[88]. Mineno T.; Babji T.,"Issues a
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[117]. Yun Z.; Yuguang F., "Securit
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Network Operations and Management S
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