Renewable Energy Technology Assessments - Kauai Island Utility ...

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Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative Renewable Energy Technology Assessments 3.0 Renewable Energy Technology Options installations worldwide to benchmark against for economic evaluation. These are summarized in Table 3-15. Table 3-15. Installed MSW Plasma Arc Gasification Projects. Vendor - Project Fuel Commercial Status Electrical Capacity, MW Fuel Throughput, tpd Westinghouse Plasma Corp. Yoshii, Japan MSW Pilot -- 25 Utashinai, Japan ASR/MSW * Commercial 8 165 Mihama, Japan MSW Commercial -- 28 Startech Environmental Bristol, Connecticut Variety Demonstration -- 5 Integrated Environmental Technologies APET, Hawaii Medical waste Commercial -- 24 Notes: * Primary fuel intended to be auto shredder residue (ASR). Plant is capable of using MSW for up to 50 percent of volumetric throughput. Resource Availability Plasma arc gasification technologies can process the same basic resources as MSW and RDF technologies. However, plasma arc is particularly well suited to handle difficult materials, such as hazardous waste, auto shredder residue, incinerator ash, lowlevel radioactive waste, and medical waste. The net power export potential (if any) of a plant depends heavily on the resource being processed. Cost and Performance Characteristics Objective cost and performance information for plasma arc systems using MSW is difficult to find. Table 3-14 provides cost and performance characteristics based on a 30 MW plasma arc system recently investigated by Black & Veatch. 21 March 2005 3-40 Black & Veatch
Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative Renewable Energy Technology Assessments 3.0 Renewable Energy Technology Options Table 3-16. Plasma Arc Gasification Technology Characteristics. Performance Typical Duty Cycle Baseload Net Plant Capacity, MW 6.6 Net Plant Heat Rate (HHV), Btu/kWh 19,000 MSW Consumption, tons per Day 300 Capacity Factor, percent 60-80 Economics Capital Cost, $/kW 7,200-9,100 Fixed O&M, $/kW-yr 260-455 Variable O&M, $/MWh 20-33 Levelized Cost, $50/ton tip fee, $/MWh 39-122 Levelized Cost, $90/ton tip fee, $/MWh (64)-19 Technology Status Commercial Status Demonstration Installed US Capacity, MW 0 Kauai Potential Poor, given technology status Environmental Impacts Plasma arc technologies are well-suited for vitrification of waste materials. Extensive documentation of testing shows that the vitreous slag has very low leaching potential, effectively “locking up” contaminants in the solid material. Air emissions are not as well-documented. Technology suppliers claim that the extreme temperatures of the plasma system dissociate any harmful molecular emissions. However, very little discussion of emissions such as mercury can be found. It does not seem that mercury would be captured in the slag because it has such a low boiling point. Conventional MSW mass burn and RDF facilities seem to have achieved compliance with EPA’s emissions limits for dioxins and furans; plasma arc gasification would not seem to offer substantial benefits over those technologies in that respect. Kauai Outlook Plasma arc gasification of MSW is a developmental technology that has not gained widespread support, particularly as a power generation technology. There do seem to be some instances in which it can be cost effective, such as in extremely land constrained areas with significant population density. Even in these favorable conditions, the economic viability of plasma arc projects is very subject to technology risk. It is 21 March 2005 3-41 Black & Veatch
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11401 Lamar Black & Veatch Corporat
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Principal Investigators: Ryan Pletk
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