Renewable Energy Technology Assessments - Kauai Island Utility ...

Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
Renewable Energy Technology Assessments Table of Contents
3.5 Hydroelectric...................................................................................................... 3-42
3.6 Ocean Energy..................................................................................................... 3-47
3.6.1 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion.......................................................... 3-47
3.6.2 Wave ......................................................................................................... 3-51
3.6.3 Ocean Tidal............................................................................................... 3-55
3.7 Solar ................................................................................................................... 3-57
3.7.1 Solar Photovoltaic..................................................................................... 3-58
3.7.2 Solar Thermal............................................................................................ 3-62
3.8 Wind................................................................................................................... 3-67
3.9 Geothermal......................................................................................................... 3-74
3.10 Multi-Fuel Generation Technologies............................................................... 3-76
3.10.1 Reciprocating Engine.............................................................................. 3-77
3.10.2 Combustion Turbine ............................................................................... 3-79
3.10.3 Microturbine ........................................................................................... 3-81
3.10.4 Fuel Cell.................................................................................................. 3-83
4.0 Renewable Energy Technology Screening ................................................................ 4-1
4.1 Objective.............................................................................................................. 4-1
4.2 Screening Criteria ................................................................................................ 4-1
4.3 Screening Methodology Scoring Guidelines ....................................................... 4-3
4.4 Screening Results................................................................................................. 4-4
4.4.1 Cost of Energy ............................................................................................ 4-5
4.4.2 Kauai Resource Potential.......................................................................... 4-10
4.4.3 Fit to KIUC Needs .................................................................................... 4-12
4.4.4 Technology Maturity ................................................................................ 4-12
4.4.5 Environmental Impact............................................................................... 4-12
4.4.6 Socioeconomic Impact.............................................................................. 4-12
4.4.7 Incentives / Barriers .................................................................................. 4-12
4.4.8 Summary Conclusions .............................................................................. 4-12
5.0 Project Characterizations ......................................................................................... 5-12
5.1 Characterization Approach ................................................................................ 5-12
5.2 General Assumptions......................................................................................... 5-12
5.3 Economic Modeling Approach.......................................................................... 5-12
5.3.1 Economic Assumptions ............................................................................ 5-12
5.3.2 Avoided Cost Assumptions ...................................................................... 5-12
6.0 Renewable Energy Financial Incentives.................................................................. 6-12
21 March 2005 TC-2 Black & Veatch