Renewable Energy Technology Assessments - Kauai Island Utility ...
Renewable Energy Technology Assessments - Kauai Island Utility ...
Renewable Energy Technology Assessments - Kauai Island Utility ...
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Kaua’i <strong>Island</strong> <strong>Utility</strong> Cooperative<br />
<strong>Renewable</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>Technology</strong> <strong>Assessments</strong><br />
3.0 <strong>Renewable</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>Technology</strong><br />
Options<br />
Table 3-6. Anaerobic Digestion <strong>Technology</strong> Characteristics.<br />
Performance<br />
Typical Duty Cycle Baseload<br />
Net Plant Capacity, MW 0.085<br />
Capacity Factor, percent<br />
Economics<br />
70-90<br />
Capital Cost, $/kW 3,000-4,900<br />
Variable O&M, $/MWh 20<br />
Levelized Cost, $/MWh*<br />
<strong>Technology</strong> Status<br />
57-77<br />
Commercial Status Commercial<br />
Installed Worldwide Capacity, MWth<br />
6,300<br />
<strong>Kauai</strong> Potential Poor<br />
* Fuel cost of $0/MBtu assumed.<br />
Environmental Impacts<br />
Anaerobic digesters have multiple positive environmental impacts. First, they<br />
provide a dependable waste stabilization process that significantly reduces pathogens in<br />
the waste stream. Second, they eliminate odor problems. Third, they reduce methane<br />
emissions relative to atmospheric decomposition of manure. These emissions are a<br />
significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Fourth, they can be incorporated as<br />
an important part of the nutrient management planning of a farm to prevent nutrient<br />
overloading in the soil resulting from manure spreading. Finally, biogas used for power<br />
production replaces the use of fossil fuels for the same purpose.<br />
<strong>Kauai</strong> Outlook<br />
Opportunities for utilization of biogas produced by anaerobic digestion on <strong>Kauai</strong><br />
are poor. <strong>Kauai</strong> does not have sufficient concentrated animal farming activities that<br />
would make animal manure digestion attractive. According to the Statistics of Hawaii<br />
Agriculture, most of the approximately 10,000 cattle raised on the island are for beef<br />
production, with less than 50 cows for dairy production. Further, there are only about<br />
2,000 pigs raised on the island. 9 This quantity and density of animals is insufficient for<br />
economical power production.<br />
9 Hawaii Department of Agriculture and US Department of Agriculture, “Statistics of Hawaii Agriculture,<br />
2000”, available at: http://www.nass.usda.gov/hi/stats/t_of_c.htm, March 2004.<br />
21 March 2005 3-17 Black & Veatch
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