Renewable Energy Technology Assessments - Kauai Island Utility ...
Renewable Energy Technology Assessments - Kauai Island Utility ...
Renewable Energy Technology Assessments - Kauai Island Utility ...
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Kaua’i <strong>Island</strong> <strong>Utility</strong> Cooperative<br />
<strong>Renewable</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>Technology</strong> <strong>Assessments</strong><br />
6.2 Wave<br />
6.3 Tidal<br />
7. Solar<br />
7.1 Solar photovoltaic<br />
7.1.1 Residential<br />
7.1.2 Commercial<br />
7.2 Solar thermal<br />
7.2.1 Parabolic Trough<br />
7.2.2 Parabolic Dish Stirling<br />
7.2.3 Central Receiver<br />
7.2.4 Solar Chimney<br />
8. Wind<br />
8.1 Wind Farm<br />
8.2 Distributed Wind<br />
9. Geothermal<br />
10. Multi-fuel generation technologies<br />
10.1 Reciprocating engines<br />
10.1.1 Spark Ignition<br />
10.1.2 Compression Ignition<br />
10.2 Small combustion turbines<br />
10.3 Microturbines<br />
10.4 Fuel cells<br />
3.0 <strong>Renewable</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>Technology</strong><br />
Options<br />
Generally, each technology is described with respect to its principles of operation,<br />
applications, resource characteristics, cost and performance, environmental impacts, and<br />
outlook for <strong>Kauai</strong>. The alternatives have been presented with a typical range for<br />
performance and cost, and the generic data provided should not be considered definitive<br />
estimates. The performance and costs are based on a representative size and installation<br />
in Hawaii. Estimates are based on Black & Veatch project experience, vendor inquiries,<br />
and a literature review. In addition, an overall levelized cost range for the general<br />
technology type is provided. This levelized cost of energy accounts for capital cost<br />
(including direct and indirect costs), fuel, operations, maintenance, and other costs over<br />
the typical life expectancy of the unit. At this point in the analysis, no financial<br />
incentives have been included in the levelized cost calculation.<br />
Although a few of the technologies are not commercially viable at this time, cost<br />
and performance data were assembled as available to provide a complete screening-level<br />
resource planning evaluation.<br />
21 March 2005 3-2 Black & Veatch
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