Renewable Energy Technology Assessments - Kauai Island Utility ...

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Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative Renewable Energy Technology Assessments 2.0 Introduction Table 2-3. Installed Kauai Renewable Energy Generating Capacity. Plant Owner Technology Capacity, kW Waimea Mauka Hydro State ADC a Hydro 1,000 Waiawa Hydro State ADC a Hydro 500 Lihue Lower KIUC Hydro 600 Lihue Upper KIUC Hydro 800 Wainiha Hydro Kauai Coffee Hydro 3,700 Kalahea Hydro Kauai Coffee Hydro 1,000 Waiahi Hydro Gay & Robinson Hydro 1,300 Lihue Plantation b Lihue Plantation Biomass Comb. 21,800 Gay & Robinson Gay & Robinson Biomass Comb. 4,000 Solar PV Systems Various Solar PV 42 Total 38,742 Source: KIUC, DBEDT. Notes: a State Agribusiness Development Corporation b Currently not operating. Table 2-4. 2003 Kauai Electricity Generation. Generation Source Generation, MWh Percent Fossil Fuels Steam Plant 9,324 2.1 Diesel 1-5 158,100 34.8 Diesel 6-9 1,304 0.3 Gas T1 Hitachi 16,829 3.7 Gas T2 JBE 28,316 6.2 KPP Diesel 14,236 3.1 KPP Naphtha 199,495 43.9 Fossil Fuels Subtotal 427,604 94.1 Renewable Waiahi 588 0.1 Kekaha Sugar / ADC 2,192 0.5 McBryde / Kauai Coffee 21,422 4.7 Olokele / Gay & Robinson 2,656 0.6 Renewable Subtotal 26,858 5.9 Source: KIUC Total 454,462 100 21 March 2005 2-9 Black & Veatch
Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative Renewable Energy Technology Assessments 3.0 Renewable Energy Technology Options 3.0 Renewable Energy Technology Options The first step in the development of generation alternatives involves the identification of generic generation technologies whose technical and cost characteristics cause them to be worthwhile candidates for inclusion in full-fledged alternative plans. The objective of this section is to characterize the various renewable energy technologies suitable for application in Kauai. The information contained in this section will be used to screen technologies for further investigation later in the project. Renewable energy sources are practically inexhaustible in that most derive their energy from the sun. Technologies to harness renewable energy are diverse and include wind, solar, biomass, biogas, geothermal, hydroelectric, and ocean energy. Steady advances in equipment and operating experience spurred by government incentives have lead to many mature renewable technologies. The technical feasibility and cost of energy from nearly every form of renewable energy have improved since the early 1980s. However, most renewable energy technologies struggle to compete economically with conventional fossil fuel technologies, and in most countries the renewable fraction of total electricity generation remains small. This is true despite a huge resource base that has potential to provide many multiples of current electricity demand. Nevertheless, the field is rapidly expanding from niche markets to making meaningful contributions to the world’s electricity supply. This section provides an overview of the following renewable energy options: 1. Solid biomass 1.1 Direct fired 1.2 Cofiring 2. Biogas 2.1 Anaerobic digestion 2.2 Landfill gas 3. Biofuels 3.1 Ethanol 3.2 Biodiesel 4. Waste to energy 4.1 Mass burn 4.2 Refuse derived fuel 4.3 Plasma arc 5. Hydroelectric 6. Ocean energy 6.1 Ocean thermal energy conversion 21 March 2005 3-1 Black & Veatch
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