Renewable Energy Technology Assessments - Kauai Island Utility ...
Renewable Energy Technology Assessments - Kauai Island Utility ... Renewable Energy Technology Assessments - Kauai Island Utility ...
Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative Renewable Energy Technology Assessments 2.0 Introduction 9. Wind – Identification and characterization of 7 promising wind areas. 10. Landfill gas – Characterization of potential landfill gas opportunity at Kekaha landfill. 11. Final Renewable Energy Project Scoring -- quantitative comparison and ranking of the project options based on defined criteria (cost of electricity, incentives/barriers, etc.). 12. Conclusions – project summary and recommendations for next steps. 2.4 Overview of Renewable Energy Renewable energy generation technologies are based on energy sources that are practically inexhaustible in that most are solar derivatives. Such technologies are often favored by the public over conventional fossil fuel technologies because of the perception that renewable technologies are more environmentally benign. Renewable energy options include wind, solar, biomass, biogas, geothermal, hydroelectric, and ocean energy. Table 2-2 shows the power conversion technologies that have been developed to harness each of these energy sources. Table 2-2. Renewable Energy Conversion Technologies Renewable Resource Energy Conversion Technology Solar Photovoltaic Thermal Energy Capture Wind Wind Turbines Water Hydroelectric Turbines Ocean Wave Energy Devices Tidal/Current Energy Turbines Thermal Energy Conversion Geothermal Steam Turbines Direct Use Geothermal Heat Pumps Biomass Combustion (direct fired, co-firing with coal) Gasification / Pyrolysis Biogas, Biodiesel, Ethanol Engine generators Combustion turbines Microturbines Fuel cells Excluding hydro, renewables only supply about 2 percent of the United States’ current electrical energy needs. However, the field is rapidly expanding. The following 21 March 2005 2-5 Black & Veatch
Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative Renewable Energy Technology Assessments 2.0 Introduction figures demonstrate the current trends for renewable energy in the United States. Perhaps more telling, more wind capacity has been installed in Europe in the last two years than any other energy generation technology. Further, worldwide wind energy additions have outpaced nuclear power additions for the past four years. Renewable energy technologies are most competitive in niche markets (for example, off-grid electrification) or when public sentiment will support government subsidies or special pricing mechanisms such as “green” pricing. It should be noted that almost all renewable energy technologies have high initial capital costs and low operating costs. This fact makes financing terms for renewable energy projects very important. Access to low cost capital can have a significant impact on life-cycle costs and improve the economics of these projects substantially. 0 20 40 60 80 100 Biomas Geothermal 2002 - 83,800 GWh Total 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 21 March 2005 2-6 Black & Veatch Wind Solar Figure 2-1. US Net Renewable Electricity Generation, GWh (1000’s). (EIA 2002)
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Kaua’i <strong>Island</strong> <strong>Utility</strong> Cooperative<br />
<strong>Renewable</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>Technology</strong> <strong>Assessments</strong> 2.0 Introduction<br />
figures demonstrate the current trends for renewable energy in the United States. Perhaps<br />
more telling, more wind capacity has been installed in Europe in the last two years than<br />
any other energy generation technology. Further, worldwide wind energy additions have<br />
outpaced nuclear power additions for the past four years.<br />
<strong>Renewable</strong> energy technologies are most competitive in niche markets (for<br />
example, off-grid electrification) or when public sentiment will support government<br />
subsidies or special pricing mechanisms such as “green” pricing.<br />
It should be noted that almost all renewable energy technologies have high initial<br />
capital costs and low operating costs. This fact makes financing terms for renewable<br />
energy projects very important. Access to low cost capital can have a significant impact<br />
on life-cycle costs and improve the economics of these projects substantially.<br />
0 20 40 60 80 100<br />
Biomas<br />
Geothermal<br />
2002 - 83,800 GWh Total<br />
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002<br />
21 March 2005 2-6 Black & Veatch<br />
Wind<br />
Solar<br />
Figure 2-1. US Net <strong>Renewable</strong> Electricity Generation, GWh (1000’s). (EIA 2002)
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