Renewable Energy Technology Assessments - Kauai Island Utility ...

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Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative Renewable Energy Technology Assessments 1.0 Executive Summary The range of tipping fees was selected to account for the current tipping fees at the Kekaha landfill (low), and estimated costs of disposal at a new landfill (high). The table shows that the relatively high cost of constructing and operating a waste-to-energy facility is compensated for by the high tipping fees paid to the plant to accept waste. The levelized cost of energy generation with KIUC ownership ranged from a very low $20/MWh to $109/MWh, depending on tipping fee assumptions. Compared to KIUC’s forecasted avoided costs, the cost premium ranged from ($156)/MWh to ($68)/MWh. Assuming the $90/ton tipping fee is available, the MSW plant has the best economics of any of the alternatives studied in this project. In addition to standalone biomass and MSW, a plant that combines both fuels was considered. Different equipment configurations were evaluated and a preferred approach and size characterized. For further information, please refer to Section 7 of the report. The economics of such a plant are between the standalone biomass and MSW options. 1.6 Hydro Previous assessments identifying potential hydro projects on Kauai were reviewed and 49 possible project sites were cataloged. From this list, six promising projects were selected and characterized. The projects are located throughout the island and consist of four new sites and two upgrades of existing facilities. All the sites are run-of-river or run-of-ditch, which minimizes potential negative environmental impacts. The projects are summarized in Table 1-3. The variability in project site requirements for hydro leads to broad ranges of potential costs. For hydropower projects, much of the cost is often off-site from the power plant in the diversion structures, penstock, and their associated access roads. For this reason, it is difficult to develop generic estimates of project costs without detailed site studies, and estimates from past studies, despite their age, are preferred. On this basis, capital and O&M costs were developed, as shown in Table 1-4. 21 March 2005 1-11 Black & Veatch
Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative Renewable Energy Technology Assessments 1.0 Executive Summary No. Project Name Status Type Table 1-3. Selected Hydro Projects. Static Head (ft) Design Plant Size (kW) Flow (cfs) Exist. Prop. Total 1 Wainiha new run-of-river 433 139 0 4,000 4,000 2 Upper Lihue upgrade run-of-river 247 32 500 300 800 3 Wailua new run-of-river 262 150 0 6,600 6,600 4 Waimea Mauka upgrade run-of-river 265 55 1,000 2,900 3,900 5A Puu Lua-Kitao new run-of-ditch 1,145 40 0 2,970 2,970 5B Kitano-Waimea new run-of-ditch 2,093 30 0 4,078 4,078 Table 1-4. Hydro Life-Cycle Economic Assumptions ($2005). Unit Wainiha Upper Lihue Wailua Waimea Mauka Puu Lua- Kitano Kitano- Waimea Capacity MW 4 0.3 6.6 2.9 2.97 4.078 Capital Cost $/kW 4,496 7,248 2,044 1,213 5,933 3,955 First Year Fixed O&M $/kW-yr 67.5 101.8 31.1 27.7 89.6 61.6 First Year Variable O&M $/MWh N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A First Year Fuel Cost $/MBtu N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Net Plant Heat Rate Btu/kWh N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Capacity Factor percent 64% 69% 28% 15% 61% 48% KIUC Levelized Cost KIUC Premium 2009$/ MWh 2009$/ MWh 58.4 86.1 60.4 79.1 81.8 69.9 (116.3) (88.6) (114.4) (95.7) (93.0) (104.8) The levelized cost of generating power from the six projects ranged from $58/MWh for Wainiha to $86/MWh for Upper Lihue assuming KIUC ownership. Compared to KIUC’s forecasted avoided energy costs, the levelized cost premiums ranged from ($116)/MWh to ($89)/MWh. The negative premium indicates that developing these resources is less expensive than the forecasts of KIUC’s avoided costs. The best project appears to be the Wainiha project, which had undergone extensive development in the 1980s before being halted due to low power prices. It is noted that more than the other technologies, KIUC ownership of hydro projects many not be feasible in all situations. KIUC will need to work closely with other parties to ensure the most appropriate arrangement. 21 March 2005 1-12 Black & Veatch
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