Renewable Energy Technology Assessments - Kauai Island Utility ...

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Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative Renewable Energy Technology Assessments 10.0 Landfill Gas LFG Generation (cfm) 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 SCS 2004 B&V 2009 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 Figure 10-1. LFG Generation Estimates by Year. 10.3 Project Option Screening Various uses can be envisioned for the LFG from Kekaha Landfill. The most conventional is combustion in an IC engine at the landfill for generation of electricity. Others include direct use of the gas for heating or displacement of fossil fuel consumption in a nearby, existing engine generator. These could be options in Kauai, but Black & Veatch is unaware of firm offtakers proposed for either. Only the IC engine option has been considered in this review. 10.4 Project Technical Description Compared to many of the other renewable energy options, development of landfill gas projects is relatively straightforward. One of the more significant aspects will be development of gas collection facilities, which Kekaha does not currently have. The collection system consists of vertical gas wells, wellheads, blowers and gas cleanup equipment. Flares are also required for destruction of LFG during periods of engine outages. The Landfill is not currently required by law to have or install these collection facilities. The balance of the project consists of installing an engine generator and interconnecting the project to the electrical grid. 21 March 2005 10-3 Black & Veatch
Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative Renewable Energy Technology Assessments 10.0 Landfill Gas 10.5 Power and Energy Production 10.5.1 Plant Performance The plant efficiencies for IC engines are typically in the range of 20 to 30 percent. Engine generators burning LFG that are considered “new and clean” typically have an efficiency of about 30 percent. This equates to a net plant heat rate of about 11,500 Btu/kWh. Historical data for LFG projects show that the heat rate may increase up to 14,500 Btu/kWh, depending on the effectiveness of the O&M plan. In addition, due to part load inefficiencies, the net plant heat rate will degrade over the life of the project as the amount of gas declines. Based on the gas production estimates, the plant capacity will be approximately 810 kW at the time of commissioning in 2009. The capacity will remain constant at 810 kW over the first five years as the total amount of gas generated exceeds the fuel burn rate of the engine. Over time, the capacity will dwindle as the gas supply decreases. Because of the decreasing generation, it is assumed that the project life will be limited to 15 years. Based on the model predictions for gas flow in 2024, the project capacity will decrease to around 703 kW. 10.5.2 Operating Profile With a capacity factor as high as 85 percent, LFG plants are baseloaded. Landfills typically provide very steady gas flows. There is very rarely opportunity for gas storage. All gas that is generated while the plant is in an outage will be flared. This plant will operate similarly and provide baseload power. 10.6 Cost of Energy 10.6.1 Capital Cost Black & Veatch has estimated the total capital cost of the LFG project, shown in Table 10-1. The engine generator set line item cost was provided by a Caterpillar distributor. The costs for the installation of the engine set and the electrical system were based on Black & Veatch historical data. LFG collection system costs can be quite varied. This estimate is based on an expected number of gas wells and corresponding horizontal collection lines for a landfill of this size. 21 March 2005 10-4 Black & Veatch
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Principal Investigators: Ryan Pletk
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Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative
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Renewable Energy Technology Assessments - Kauai Island Utility ...

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