Renewable Energy Technology Assessments - Kauai Island Utility ...

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Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative Renewable Energy Technology Assessments 9.0 Wind nature of the wind resource, power curves should only be used as a general guideline of expected power output. Figure 9-6 shows a representative power curve for a 660 kW Vestas V47 wind turbine. Power (kW) 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 0 5 10 15 Wind Speed (m/s) 20 25 30 Figure 9-6. Vestas V47 Power Curve. There are a number of turbine manufacturers around the globe. Most are from Europe with the largest being Vestas/NEG Micon, Enercon, and Bonus, which was recently purchased by Siemens. The only major US turbine manufacturer is GE Wind. Suzlon is a smaller manufacturer based in India, and Mitsubishi makes turbines in Japan. Manufactures are increasingly focused on developing technology for larger size machines, with many targeting multi-megawatt machines for offshore applications, a major market in Europe. Concerns regarding shipping, transportation, constructability, crane availability, and long term O&M requirements limit the types of turbines that could be reasonably installed on Kauai. A 200 ton crane is currently available in the islands, but in the near term a 300 ton crane may be available from Onipa’a Crane and Rigging on the big island. The current crane availability restricts turbine size in the near term to below 1 MW, but if the 300 ton crane comes available, most commercially available 21 March 2005 9-14 Black & Veatch
Kaua’i Island Utility Cooperative Renewable Energy Technology Assessments 9.0 Wind turbines will be an option for Kauai. Use of large turbines may improve performance and cost slightly. There are a variety of factors to consider with respect to constructing a wind project. Simply stated, if the project terrain is too remote or steep, special measures will have to be taken for construction that may increase the capital cost to non-economical levels. The most important factors to consider are ability to set up a large crane for erection of the towers and nacelles and transportation of the towers, nacelles and blades to the project site. The length of a utility-scale wind turbine blade is routinely over 25 meters (80 ft) and they are always shipped in one piece. Access by a suitable road must be considered when siting the project. Projects on Kauai would involve a number of turbines totaling a name plate capacity around 7 MW as agreed with KIUC. Some options include: 10 Vestas V47s for a name plate capacity of 6.6 MW, 7 Bonus 1 MW turbines for 7.0 MW, 20 Suzlon 350 turbines for 7.0 MW, 5 GE 1.5 turbines for 7.5 MW (assuming crane availability), or a number of other options. Final turbine size and manufacturer should be made in consideration of actual wind data for the site, crane availability, cost, and other factors. A Vestas V47 660 kW turbine with a hub height of 50 meters has been used in the analysis herein. A different turbine may be more appropriate, but the V47 will give a reasonable idea of potential since the uncertainty in the available data is greater than any differences between turbines. A taller tower will almost always result in greater power production and should be weighed against constructability, cost, and visual impact. 9.4.3 Project Conceptual Design This section provides a general description of the layout of a project placed on the high and moderate priority sites. A wind plant in the Kalaheo area would likely involve one or two rows of wind turbines situated to the south west of Kalaheo on private lands or near the coast on Alexander & Baldwin land in areas of class 5 winds. The row(s) would be oriented approximately north-south to take advantage of the predominant winds from the east. A central power collection station and step-up transformer would add power directly to a major transmission line. A wind plant in near Anahola, would involve constructing a new road (if one does not exist) onto the windy ridge of Puu Ehu on state land and placement of turbines along the ridge for maximum wind collection. From a common power collection point and transformer, new power lines would bring power to the nearby transmission line. 21 March 2005 9-15 Black & Veatch
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Principal Investigators: Ryan Pletk
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